Tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated cotton
Tillage and nitrogen fertilization effects on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated cotton
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DOI：
10.1016/j.still.2013.07.009
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
Vlek, P. L. G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Devkota, M.;Martius, C.;Vlek, P. L. G.
管理实践可能会影响咸海盆地等灌溉干旱地区灌溉棉花（Gossypium hirsutum L.）的产量和氮（N）利用效率。通过田间试验，比较了乌兹别克斯坦旱地保护性耕作（永久高床；PB）与常规犁耕（CT）在3种不同施氮量（0、125和250 kg ha(-1)）下对棉花生长、产量、氮肥利用效率和氮平衡的影响。这两年原棉产量和产量构成均未受到耕作方式的影响。然而，当施氮量从零增加到125 kg ha(-1)时，产量和产量构成显着增加。当施氮量从125 kg ha(-1)翻倍至250 kg ha(-1)时，两种耕作方法的增量相对较低。与 2008 年相比，2009 年，即在棉花单作制度中引入覆盖作物后，地下水硝酸盐浓度显着降低，而施氮效率有所提高。施氮效率随着施氮量的增加而下降。两年耕作方式均未影响农艺氮素利用效率。然而，在第二年，PB 中的表观氮回收效率高于 CT，而 PB 中 N-250 的生理氮利用效率比 CT 低 54%。 N-0和N-125的表观系统氮平衡为负值，但两种耕作方法的高施氮量（250 kg ha(-1)）为正值（氮损失）。观察到耕作和施氮水平之间存在显着的交互作用； N-0 时，CT 的负氮平衡比 PB 高 32%。使用N-250，CT 的正氮平衡（氮损失）明显更高，是PB 的两倍多（66 kg ha(-1)）。因此，假设从长远来看，这种模式得到证实，在 PB 中种植棉花并适当施氮并引入冬季覆盖作物可以被认为是目前在灌溉干旱土地上不可持续的 CT 棉花单作系统的可行替代方案。 (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Management practices may influence yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency of irrigated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) in irrigated arid lands such as those of the Aral Sea basin. A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of conservation tillage (permanent raised beds; PB) with conventional plow tillage (CT) under three different N application rates (0, 125 and 250 kg ha(-1)) on cotton growth, yield, N use efficiency and N balance in irrigated arid lands of Uzbekistan for two years. Raw cotton yield and yield components were not affected by tillage methods in both years. However, yield and yield components significantly increased when N fertilizer rate was increased from zero to 125 kg ha(-1) N application. When the N rate was doubled from 125 to 250 kg ha(-1), a relatively much lower increment was observed in both tillage methods. The groundwater nitrate concentration was reduced considerably, while efficiency of applied N was increased in 2009, i.e., after introduction of the cover crop in the cotton mono cropping system, compared to 2008. The efficiency of the applied N decreased with increased N application rate. Tillage method did not affect agronomic N use efficiency in both years. However, in the 2nd year, apparent N recovery efficiency was higher in PB than in CT, while physiological N use efficiency with N-250 was 54% lower in PB than in CT. The apparent system N balance was negative with N-0 and N-125, but positive (N loss) with high N application (250 kg ha(-1)) with both tillage methods. A significant interaction effect between tillage and N level was observed; with N-0, CT had a 32% higher negative N balance than PB. With N-250, CT had a significantly higher positive N balance (N loss), more than twice as high (66 kg ha(-1)) as for PB. Thus, cotton cultivation in PB with proper N application and the introduction of a winter cover crop can be considered a viable alternative to the present unsustainable CT cotton mono-cropping system in irrigated arid lands, assuming the patterns are confirmed in the long-run. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.