The disruptive power of Artificial Intelligence. Ethical aspects of gerontechnology in elderly care
The disruptive power of Artificial Intelligence. Ethical aspects of gerontechnology in elderly care
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DOI：
10.1016/j.archger.2020.104186
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发表时间：
2020-11-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Rubeis, Giovanni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rubeis, Giovanni
基于人工智能(AI)的老年技术有望实现所谓的4P医学的承诺，并实现预测性、个性化、预防性和参与性的老年护理。尽管经验证据显示出积极的健康结果，但评论人士担心，基于人工智能的老年技术可能会扰乱老年人的护理。缺乏对这些关切的系统概念化。本文通过分析人工智能在老年护理中的风险，提出了这样一个概念：通过基于算法的标准化来解除护理的个人化，通过泛化来歧视少数群体，通过自动化来去人性化护理关系，通过监测和监督来约束使用者。基于4D模型，概述了老年护理中以患者为中心的人工智能的策略。基于人工智能的老年技术是否会实现4P视角或带来4D场景，取决于用户、照顾者、照顾者、工程师和政策制定者的共同努力。
Gerontechnology based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to fulfill the promise of the so-called 4p-medicine and enable a predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory elderly care. Although empirical evidence shows positive health outcomes, commentators are concerned that AI-based gerontechnology could bring along the disruption of elderly care. A systematic conceptualization of these concerns is lacking. In this paper, such a conceptualization is suggested by analyzing the risks of AI in elderly care as "4d-risks": the depersonalization of care through algorithm-based standardization, the discrimination of minority groups through generalization, the dehumanization of the care relationship through automatization, and the disciplination of users through monitoring and surveillance. Based on the 4d-model, strategies for a patient-centered AI in elderly care are outlined. Whether AI-based gerontechnology will actualize the 4p-perspective or bring about the 4d-scenario depends on whether joint efforts of users, caregivers, care providers, engineers, and policy makers will be made.