Stress is a principal factor that promotes tobacco use in females.
Stress is a principal factor that promotes tobacco use in females.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.005
复制
发表时间：
2016-02-04
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
O'Dell LE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Torres OV;O'Dell LE
烟草使用是一个重大的经济和健康问题。特别令人关切的是，妇女消费更多的烟草产品，戒烟更困难，而且比男子更不可能从戒烟治疗中获益。因此，妇女患烟草相关疾病的风险更高。临床证据表明，女性更容易患焦虑症，并且比男性更有可能吸烟以科普压力。在戒烟期间，妇女比男子经历更强烈的焦虑，并报告说，吸烟减少焦虑的作用是她们继续吸烟和复吸的主要原因。与此一致，使用啮齿动物模型的临床前研究表明，在尼古丁戒断期间，雌性动物比雄性动物表现出更强烈的压力。这篇综述假定，在女性中，压力是促进戒烟期间开始吸烟和复吸行为的主要因素。在临床和临床前水平的研究进行审查，以支持我们的假设，即压力在促进烟草使用的脆弱性在女性中发挥着核心作用。这项工作的临床意义也被认为是关于治疗方法和需要更多的研究，以帮助减少妇女吸烟产生的健康差距。
Tobacco use is a major economic and health problem. It is particularly concerning that women consume more tobacco products, have a more difficult time quitting smoking and are less likely to benefit from smoking cessation therapy than men. As a result, women are at higher risk of developing tobacco-related diseases. Clinical evidence suggests that women are more susceptible to anxiety disorders, and are more likely to smoke in order to cope with stress than men. During smoking abstinence, women experience more intense anxiety than men and report that the anxiety-reducing effects of smoking are the main reason for their continued tobacco use and relapse. Consistent with this, pre-clinical studies using rodent models suggest that females display more intense stress during nicotine withdrawal than males. This review posits that in women, stress is a principal factor that promotes the initiation of tobacco use and relapse behavior during abstinence. Studies are reviewed at both the clinical and pre-clinical levels to provide support for our hypothesis that stress plays a central role in promoting tobacco use vulnerability in females. The clinical implications of this work are also considered with regard to treatment approaches and the need for more research to help reduce health disparities produced by tobacco use in women.