The phylogeny of monkey beetles based on mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA genes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Hopliini)
The phylogeny of monkey beetles based on mitochondrial and ribosomal RNA genes (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Hopliini)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2011.04.011
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Vogler, Alfried P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ahrens, Dirk;Scott, Michelle;Vogler, Alfried P.
猴甲虫（Hopliini）是金龟子科（金龟子）中的一个大型分支，以花和叶为食，在南部非洲具有最大的多样性。它们的内部关系和姐妹群的亲缘关系还没有用DNA方法研究过。我们使用的部分基因序列的28S rRNA，细胞色素氧化酶I（cox 1）和165 rRNA（rrnL）的158种，代表最公认的亚科金龟子，包括46种Hopliini。根据两个首选的比对参数，使用最大似然和贝叶斯推断的组合分析恢复了Hopliini的单系。Hopliines被插入在Cetoniinae + Rutelinae + Dynastinae的一个分支的基部，或者作为它们的直接姐妹群被恢复，或者作为一组扩展的基部分支的一部分，该分支还包括被归类为Melolonthinae（可能金龟子）的一部分的Macrodactylini部落。在亚族水平上，我们发现Hopliina与Pachycnemina并系，其中还包括Heterochelina和Gymnolomina的单系分支。性状映射下简约的首选树导致推断三个独立的起源性二型性，这正好与转移到“花嵌入”授粉。与此相反，夜间活动的类群，这是一般的叶状作为其他pleurostict金龟子，从来没有表现出明确的性别二型性。南非血统包括几个深分支血统。因此，南非动物群的特殊形态和系统发育多样性可能是由于它们的古老性，除了在白天活跃的谱系中的性选择。系统发育研究的地方性南非植物辐射已经证明了重复的进化转向甲虫授粉，但它仍然有待调查，如果这是由hopliine传粉者存在于bioregion或当地植物谱系的倾向，有利于这种授粉综合征。(C)2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Monkey beetles (Hopliini) are a large clade of flower and leaf feeding species within the Scarabaeidae (chafers) with greatest diversity in southern Africa. Their internal relationships and sister group affinities have not been studied with DNA methods. We used partial gene sequences for 28S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I (cox1) and 165 rRNA (rrnL) for 158 species, representing most recognized subfamilies of Scarabaeidae, including 46 species of Hopliini. Combined analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference under the two preferred alignment parameters recovered the Hopliini as monophyletic. Hopliines were inserted at the base of a clade of Cetoniinae + Rutelinae + Dynastinae, being either recovered as their immediate sister group, or as part of an expanded set of basal branches that also includes the tribe Macrodactylini which has been classified as part of the Melolonthinae (may chafers). At the level of subtribes, we found Hopliina paraphyletic with respect to Pachycnemina which also includes the monophyletic clade of Heterochelina and Gymnolomina. Trait mapping under parsimony on the preferred tree resulted in inferences of three independent origins of sexual dimorphism, which coincided with shifts to 'flower-embedding' pollination. In contrast, night active taxa, which are general phyllophages as other pleurostict chafers, never show clear sexual dimorphism. South African lineages include several deep-branching lineages. The exceptional morphological and phylogenetic diversity of the South African fauna may therefore be due to their antiquity, in addition to sexual selection in the day-active lineages. Phylogenetic studies of the endemic South African plant radiations have demonstrated the repeated evolutionary shift to beetle pollination, but it remains to be investigated if this is driven by the hopliine pollinators present in the bioregion or by a propensity of the local plant lineages favoring this pollination syndrome. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.