Nonmarine Mollusks from Archaeological Sites on Tikopia, Southeastern Solomon Islands
Nonmarine Mollusks from Archaeological Sites on Tikopia, Southeastern Solomon Islands
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所罗门群岛东南部提科皮亚考古遗址的非海洋软体动物
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Kirch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. C. Christensen;P. Kirch
所罗门群岛东南部的提科皮亚岛记录了18种非海洋软体动物。所研究的材料来自8个考古L遗址；也对活体收集的少量标本进行了检验。在这份材料中发现了15种陆生软体动物：6种被认为是岛上原生的(尽管没有一种是岛上特有的)，8种是由人类引入的，还有一种的地位尚不确定。还发现了另外三种栖息在河口、岸线或水生环境中的物种。Tikopia的陆生软体动物是典型的新赫布里底生物，尽管前分支和大型肺类在动物群中的代表性很低。与几个考古样本相关的放射性碳年代表明，大多数外来物种在史前时期殖民于该岛：大约公元前900年，岛上出现了粉纹薄壳、腹足和纤细薄层，而大约公元1400年，已经建立了三叶藤属、毛状柳属和小圆叶藤属。在现代，已经引进了两个奇异的亚纲。在所有外来物种个体的考古样本中，数量上的优势表明，在史前时期，蒂科皮亚环境被人类显著改变，这可能是农业实践的结果。在考古发掘中发现的陆生动物的亚化石贝壳可以作为L过去环境状况的有用指标。在软体动物习性广为人知的地区，“蜗牛分析”技术(类似于花粉分析)可以达到很高的精确度，能够确定与亚化石粘虫相关的植被(Evans 1972)。在美拉尼西亚、密克罗尼西亚和波利尼西亚，这种性质的工作几乎没有被尝试过，这主要是因为我们对那里的非海生沙鼠的系统学和生态耐受性了解不足。Kirch(1975)和我的研究这项研究得到了国家科学基金资助的一部分。BNS76-17672。1981年1月15日接受手稿。2伯尼斯·P·毕晓普博物馆，动物部，邮政信箱19000-A，火奴鲁鲁，夏威夷96819。3贝尼斯·P·毕晓普博物馆，夏威夷火奴鲁鲁邮政信箱19000-A，天主教部
Eighteen species of nonmarine mollusks are recorded from the island of Tikopia, southeastern Solomon Islands. Material studied was obtained from eight archaeologica l sites; a small sample of live-collected specimens was also examined. Fifteen species of terrestrial mollusks were pre sent in this material: six are believed to be indigenous to the island (although none is precinctive to it), eight were introduced by humans, and the status of one is uncertain. Three additional species inhabiting estuarine, strandline, or aquatic environments were found . The terrestrial mollusks of Tikopia are typically New Hebridean, although prosobranchs and large pulmonates are poorly represented in the fauna. Radiocarbon dates associated with several of the archaeological samples dem onstrate that most of the adventive species colonized the island during the prehistoric period: Lamellidea pusilla, Gastrocopta pediculus, and Lamellaxis gracilis were present on the island by ca. 900 B.C., and by ca. A.D. 1400 Liardetia samoensis, Wilhelminaia mathildae, and Coneuplecta microconus had become established . Two exotic subulinids have been introduced during the modern era. The numerical predominance in all archaeological samples of individuals of adventive species indicates that the Tikopian environment was significantly modified by humans during the prehistoric period, probably as a result of agricultural practices. SUBFOSSIL SHELLS of nonmarine mo llusks recovered during archaeological excavations ma y serve as usefu l indicators of past environmental conditions. In regions where the habits of mollusks are well known the technique of " snail analysis" (analogous to pollen analysis) can attain a high degree of precision in determining the vegetation associated with assemblages of subfossil mo llusks (Evans 1972). Little work of this nature has been attempted in Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia, due largely to our inadequate knowledge of the systematics and ecological tolerances of nonmarine mol lusks there. Studies by Kirch (1975) and I This research was supported in part by National Science Foundat ion grant no. BNS76-17672. Manuscript accepted 15 January 1981. 2 Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Departm ent of Zoology, P.O. Box 19000-A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96819. 3 Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Department of Anth ropology, P.O. Box 19000-A, Honolulu , Hawai i