Shaking That lcky Feeling: Effects of Extinction and Counterconditioning on Disgust-Related Evaluative Learning
Shaking That lcky Feeling: Effects of Extinction and Counterconditioning on Disgust-Related Evaluative Learning
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beth.2014.04.003
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发表时间：
2014-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Olatunji, Bunmi O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engelhard, Iris M.;Leer, Arne;Olatunji, Bunmi O.
习得性厌恶似乎在某些焦虑症中起着重要作用，可以用评价性条件反射过程来解释，在评价性条件反射过程中，由无条件刺激(US)引起的情感评价反应被转移到条件刺激(CS)。关于如何有效地消除与厌恶相关的评价性学习，仍有许多未知之处。本研究的第一项研究考察了消退对减少厌恶条件下获得的CS的负面评价的影响。参与者完成了习得实验，一张恶心的图片为US，两张中性图片为CS(CS+与US配对；CS-未配对)，然后是消退实验(仅限CS；实验条件)或填充任务(控制条件)。灭绝试验将获得性美国人的期望降低到CS+，但并没有消除对CS+的负面评价。研究二考察了反条件作用对评价性习得厌恶的影响。在厌恶习得试验之后，紧接着是对抗条件试验，将CS+与愉快的US(实验条件)或填充任务(控制条件)配对。反条件反射试验将获得性美国人的期望降低到CS+，并减少了评价性条件性厌恶。对特定焦虑症基于暴露治疗的评价性学习的消退和反条件作用的潜在差异效应的含义进行了讨论。
Learned disgust appears to play an important role in certain anxiety disorders, and can be explained by the process of evaluative conditioning, in which an affective evaluative reaction evoked by an unconditional stimulus (US) is transferred to a conditional stimulus (CS). Much remains unknown about how disgust-related evaluative learning can be effectively eliminated. Study 1 of the present investigation examined the effects of extinction on reducing the negative evaluation of a CS that was acquired during disgust conditioning. Participants completed acquisition trials, with a disgusting picture as US and two neutral pictures as CS (CS+ was paired with the US; CS- was unpaired), followed by extinction trials ( "CS only"; experimental condition) or a filler task (control condition). Extinction trials reduced acquired US expectancy to the CS+, but did not extinguish negative evaluations of the CS+. Study 2 examined the effects of counterconditioning on evaluative learned disgust. After disgust acquisition trials, counterconditioning trials followed in which the CS+ was paired with a pleasant US (experimental condition) or a filler task (control condition). Counterconditioning trials reduced acquired US expectancy to the CS+ and reduced evaluative conditioned disgust. Implications of the potential differential effects of extinction and counterconditioning on evaluative learning for exposure-based treatment of specific anxiety disorders are discussed.