The rise and fall of AIDS exceptionalism.
The rise and fall of AIDS exceptionalism.
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DOI：
10.1001/virtualmentor.2009.11.12.mhst1-0912
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bayer, Ronald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Oppenheimer, Gerald M;Bayer, Ronald
20世纪80年代末，一群社会科学家聚集在法国，研究北美和欧洲的民主社会是如何应对艾滋病带来的挑战的。在每位合作者讲述其国家对艾滋病毒的政治、社会和公共卫生反应的历史时，有三个问题始终不变，尽管精确的语言反映了独特的文化差异。应对致命传染病的历史是否为如何最好地遏制艾滋病毒感染的传播提供了经验教训？为控制性传播疾病或其他传染性疾病而制定的政策是否应适用于艾滋病？如果不像对待其他传染病那样对待艾滋病，那么有什么理由采取不同的政策呢？在某些情况下，这些问题得到明确处理；在其他情况下，它们只是在关键的政策讨论中被暗示出来。在总结随后两天的讨论时，我们[RB]中的一位与会者对几乎每一个被审议的案件所决定的“例外”性质感到震惊。“艾滋病例外论”一词由此产生。1991年，它首次出现在《新英格兰医学杂志》的一篇文章中。从那时起，这个词被用于许多国内和全球的政策制定，以及许多艾滋病会议。通过MEDLINE搜索，在文献中发现了50多条引用。
In the late 1980s, a group of social scientists convened in France to examine the question of how democratic societies in North America and Europe had confronted the challenges posed by AIDS [1]. As each collaborator recounted the history of the political, social, and public health responses evoked by HIV in his or her country, three questions remained constant, even though the precise language reflected unique cultural differences. Did the history of responses to lethal infectious diseases provide lessons about how best to contain the spread of HIV infection? Should the policies developed to control sexually transmitted diseases or other communicable conditions be applied to AIDS? If AIDS were not to be treated like other communicable diseases, what would justify using different policies?In some instances, these questions were explicitly addressed; on other occasions, they were simply implied in the critical policy discussions [2]. In summarizing the 2 days of discussion that ensued, one of us [RB] present at the meeting was struck by the “exceptional” nature of what had been decided in virtually every one of the cases considered. The term “HIV exceptionalism” thus emerged. It first appeared in print in an article in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1991 [2]. Since then, the term has been used in numerous policy settings, domestic and global, as well as at many AIDS conferences. A MEDLINE search identifies more than 50 citations in the literature.