The historical origin of the term "meningioma" and the rise of nationalistic neurosurgery
The historical origin of the term "meningioma" and the rise of nationalistic neurosurgery
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DOI：
10.3171/2015.10.jns15877
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Shrivastava, Raj K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barthelemy, Ernest Joseph;Sarkiss, Christopher A.;Shrivastava, Raj K.
脑膜瘤命名的历史起源揭示了世纪后期神经外科发展的有趣的社会和政治方面。脑膜瘤术语本身是民族自豪感的主题，与欧洲大陆医学作为专业社会企业的崛起相吻合。在19世纪和20世纪，法国、德国和美国等相继在医学和生物医学科学领域占据全球领先地位的国家，在命名和理解这些类型的肿瘤方面取得了最明显的进展。在这个小插曲中，作者描述了“脑膜瘤”一词的独特性，因为它是在欧洲大陆的肿瘤发生、疾病状态和神经外科概念的历史框架内发展起来的，作为一门新兴学科，最终在库欣的《脑膜瘤》一书中达到顶峰。在法国启蒙运动的知识高峰期间，安托万·路易斯发表了第一篇关于脑膜瘤的科学论文。和他的父亲让-巴蒂斯特·路易一样，安托万·路易也是一位著名的军医，他的成就在1749年被皇家外科学院录取。他的论文，Sur les tumeurs fongueuses de la dure-mere，出现在1774年。在这个时代之后，日益严重的经济萧条影响了沮丧的资产阶级，引发了一个动荡的革命时期，摧毁了法国的旧政权，废除了它的大学和医疗系统。由此产生的无政府状态最终通过旨在满足拿破仑对合格军事专业人员（包括内科医生和外科医生）需求的立法得到平息。这些法律为随后整个世纪中期法国医学的繁荣奠定了基础。脑膜瘤命名法的后续变化是由后革命时期的知识巨人撰写的，例如，由利摩日出生的病理学家让·克鲁韦勒（Jean Cruveillem）以术语“tumeurs canceruses de la dure-mere”而闻名，以及组织病理学家的工作，如赫尔曼·勒贝尔（Hermann Lebert），他们受到巴斯德的细菌理论和伯纳德的实验医学的影响。脑膜瘤命名的最终发展对应于美国神经外科学作为一门正式学科的兴起。这一历史时期的增长是编年史在库欣的文本脑膜瘤，它设置了科学阶段的现代发展，脑膜瘤的研究和手术，进行和雇用今天。
The historical origin of the meningioma nomenclature unravels interesting social and political aspects about the development of neurosurgery in the late 19th century. The meningioma terminology itself was the subject of nationalistic pride and coincided with the advancement in the rise of medicine in Continental Europe as a professional social enterprise. Progress in naming and understanding these types of tumor was most evident in the nations that successively assumed global leadership in medicine and biomedical science throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, that is, France, Germany, and the United States. In this vignette, the authors delineate the uniqueness of the term "meningioma" as it developed within the historical framework of Continental European concepts of tumor genesis, disease states, and neurosurgery as an emerging discipline culminating in Cushing's Meningiomas text.During the intellectual apogee of the French Enlightenment, Antoine Louis published the first known scientific treatise on meningiomas. Like his father, Jean-Baptiste Louis, Antoine Louis was a renowned military surgeon whose accomplishments were honored with an admission to the Academie royale de chirurgie in 1749. His treatise, Sur les tumeurs fongueuses de la dure-mere, appeared in 1774. Following this era, growing economic depression affecting a frustrated bourgeoisie triggered a tumultuous revolutionary period that destroyed France's Ancien Regime and abolished its university and medical systems. The resulting anarchy was eventually quelled through legislation aiming to satisfy Napoleon's need for qualified military professionals, including physicians and surgeons. These laws laid the foundations for the subsequent flourishing of French medicine throughout the mid-19th century. Subsequent changes to the meningioma nomenclature were authored by intellectual giants of this postrevolutionary period, for example, by the Limoges-born pathologist Jean Cruveilhier known for the term "tumeurs cancereuses de la dure-mere," and the work of histopathologists, such as Hermann Lebert, who were influenced by Pasteur's germ theory and by Bernard's experimental medicine.The final development of the meningioma nomenclature corresponded to the rise of American neurosurgery as a formal academic discipline. This historical period of growth is chronicled in Cushing's text Meningiomas, and it set the scientific stage for the modern developments in meningioma research and surgery that are conducted and employed today.