On the ship pollutant emission inventory in Shanghai port
On the ship pollutant emission inventory in Shanghai port
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Z. Jian
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作者：
Z. Jian
本文以上海港为例，介绍了上海港航运污染物排放清单的研究情况。据报道，2010年上海港成功地完成了2907万标准箱的吞吐量，取代新加坡港成为世界最繁忙的集装箱航运冠军。2010年上海港完成了6.5亿吨的货运量，自2006年以来，上海港已连续四年蝉联全球船舶排放量冠军。尽管船舶库存量的增长是如此之快，但不可否认的是，船舶排放量随之而来，对大气、水体乃至整个大都会的环境都带来了巨大的影响。因此，编制一份可靠的船舶排放清单，及时采取措施限制和减少船舶排放对城市的负面影响，已成为一项紧迫的任务。通过对船舶登记记录、船舶类型、吨位分布、驾驶方式、排放因子和燃油修正因子等方面的详细调查和活动分析，利用排放估算方法，编制了上海港进出境船舶排放总量清单，然后，我们将上述船舶排放进一步划分为9类船舶在外港和内河航道4种驾驶方式下的排放。此外，在1 km × 1 km网格分辨率下，实现了污染物和绿色气体的空间分布，满足数值模拟的要求，结果表明，2005年，船舶排放的PM10、PM2.5、DPM、NOx、SOx、CO和HC分别为4 600 t、3 700 t、4 400 t、5.73万t、3.54万t，2010年上海市船舶排放量为4900 t和2,100 t，合计产生绿色气体CO2 288.55万t，N2 O 100 t，N2 O 40 t。通过对上海市船舶排放总量的比较，得出上海大都会船舶排放贡献率为12.0%。SO2、NOx和PM2.5三种主要污染物的排放量分别占排放总量的9.0%、5.3%。在所有运输方式中，远洋船舶排放量占排放总量的12.0%、8.4%和5.1%。
The present paper attempts to introduce its study on the shipping pollutant emission inventory by taking Shanghai Port as a case sample.As is reported,Shanghai port succeeded in handling 29.07 million TEUs in 2010,thus ranking the world's busiest container-shipping champion in taking the place of Singaporean port.What is more,having accomplished a cargo shipment of 650 million tons in 2010,Shanghai port has been already honored as champion in this connection in the world for consecutive four years since 2006.Great as the advancement in vessel-shipment inventory may be,it is undeniable that,with the corresponding shipping emissions,which has in turn brought about tremendous environmental impact on the air and water,and even on the entire environment of the metropolis.And,consequently,it has become urgent to work out a reliable and up-to-date ship emission inventory and take immediate measures to limit and reduce the negative impact of shipping emission on the city.It is just for this urgent need that we have investigated the emission inventory of criteria pollutants and green house gases of vessels in the port based on the bottom-up driving mode in 2010.With a detailed survey made and activity analysis on the registration records,vessels types,tonnage distribution,driving modes,emission factors and fuel correction factors,we have worked out a total emission inventory of the vessels in and out Shanghai port by using the emission estimation methods.And,then,we have further divided the above said shipment emission into 9 types of vessels under 4 driving modes within the outer port and the inner river water-ways.Furthermore,we have achieved the spatial distribution of pollutants and green house gases based on the resolution of 1 km × 1 km grids to meet the demands of the numeric modeling,supported by the automatic identification system(AIS) in our paper.Thus,it can be followed that the total emissions of PM10,PM2.5,DPM,NOx,SOx,CO and HC by vessels were found to be equal to 4 600 ton,3 700 ton,4 400 ton,57.3 thousand ton,35.4 thousand ton,4 900 ton and 2 100 ton in 2010.The entire shipment was accounted to have produced green house gases with 2.885 5 million ton of CO2,100 ton of N2O and 40 ton of N2O.Comparing the total emission inventory in Shanghai,we have got to know that the share of the shipment contribution of the metropolis is equal to 12.0%,9.0% and 5.3% of the three key pollutants,including SO2,NOx and PM2.5.Of all the kinds of shipment,the ocean-going vessels are responsible for the total emission inventory with the shares of 12.0%,8.4% and 5.1%,respectively.