The physical dimension of international trade Part 1: Direct global flows between 1962 and 2005
The physical dimension of international trade Part 1: Direct global flows between 1962 and 2005
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.04.023
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发表时间：
2010-07-15
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Bringezu, Stefan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dittrich, Monika;Bringezu, Stefan
国际贸易的物质层面正变得越来越重要。本文描述了一种计算所有向联合国报告其贸易的国家的完整实物贸易流量的方法。该方法以联合国商品贸易数据库为基础，用于计算1962至2005年间9个选定年份所有报告国的全球实物贸易流量。结果显示，全球贸易不断增加，2005年全球直接物质贸易流量达到约100亿吨，相当于实物贸易量约为200亿吨(加上总进口和总出口)。来自欧洲国家的份额正在下降，主要是向亚洲国家倾斜。以实物为单位交易的主要大宗商品是化石燃料，主要是石油。实物贸易差额被用来确定主要的资源供应者和需求者。在此期间，澳大利亚是主要的资源供应国，材料出口结构多样化。紧随其后的是主要的石油出口国，数量不一。就区域而言，拉丁美洲、东南亚岛屿和中亚是资源出口大国，净出口绝对量大多在增加。最大的净进口国是日本。美国和单一的欧洲国家。像“亚洲四小龙”这样拥有主要工业生产部门的新兴国家正在增长净进口国，其中一些国家的净进口量甚至高于欧洲国家。总体而言，除澳大利亚和加拿大外，工业化国家是净进口国，发展中国家和转型期国家是净出口国，但这些群体内部存在重大差异。(C)2010年爱思唯尔BM。版权所有。
The physical dimension of international trade is attaining increased importance. This article describes a method to calculate complete physical trade flows for all countries which report their trade to the UN. The method is based on the UN Comtrade database and it was used to calculate world-wide physical trade flows for all reporting countries in nine selected years between 1962 and 2005. The results show increasing global trade with global direct material trade flows reaching about 10 billion tonnes in 2005, corresponding to a physical trade volume of about 20 billion tonnes (adding both total imports and total exports). The share from European countries is declining, mainly in favour of Asian countries. The dominant traded commodity in physical units was fossil fuels, mainly oil. Physical trade balances were used to identify the dominant resource suppliers and demanders. Australia was the principal resource supplier over the period with a diverse material export structure. It was followed by mainly oil-exporting countries with varying volumes. As regards to regions, Latin America, south-east Asian islands and central Asia were big resource exporters, mostly with increasing absolute amounts of net exports. The largest net importers were japan. the United States and single European countries. Emerging countries like the 'Asian Tigers' with major industrial productive sectors are growing net importers, some of them to an even higher degree than European countries. Altogether, with the major exception of Australia and Canada, industrialized countries are net importers and developing countries and transition countries are net exporters, but there are important differences within these groups. (C) 2010 Elsevier BM. All rights reserved.