Membrane vesiculation as a feature of the mammalian acrosome reaction.
Membrane vesiculation as a feature of the mammalian acrosome reaction.
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DOI：
10.1083/jcb.34.3.c1
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发表时间：
1967-09
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Austin, C R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barros, C;Bedford, J M;Franklin, L E;Austin, C R
本报告中使用的术语膜泡化是指两个紧密对位的细胞膜之间发生多次结合，首先形成一个双壁开窗层，最终形成一系列独立的膜结合囊泡。这两个阶段如图1所示。这些图表所描述的过程基本上与Tormey(9)所建议的相同，以解释他对睫状上皮细胞的观察，其中推测从两个相连的膜形成开窗层。在睫状上皮中，所涉及的膜是衬里邻近细胞的内陷和交错突起的细胞膜。Tormey引用了其他一些数据和其他几位作者的工作，这些数据和工作支持了这样的观点，即膜泡化通常归因于用四氧化二臭氧固定组织，而戊二醛固定的组织通常表现为完整的平行膜。在其他情况下，紧密对接的细胞膜也被描述为正在经历囊泡形成。因此，Colwin夫妇在电子显微镜下对六角环节动物早期受精的研究报告了被认为来自融合的精子和卵膜的囊泡。Piko和Tyler(7)认为，当精子进入卵子时，大鼠精子中的质膜和顶体膜大部分通过囊泡被去除。在Saacke和Almquist(8，图16)所说明的公牛精子头中，围绕细胞核排列的一排小泡似乎是由于质膜和顶体膜之间的多次融合而产生的，在猴子的精子中也看到了非常类似的变化(le Franklin，未发表的数据)。在这些对动物配子的观察中，人们一直假设所看到的变化可归因于自然过程；然而，所有这些作者都使用了四氧化三作为固定剂，因此可能被人工制品的生产误导了。然而，现在用戊二醛固定的组织获得的数据表明，在仓鼠和兔精子通过卵子包被的顶体反应过程中，质膜和顶体膜之间发生了广泛的囊泡。在超微结构水平上，关于哺乳动物顶体反应的信息一直很少。通过相差光学显微镜，奥斯汀和毕晓普首次描述了几种啮齿动物(仓鼠、利比亚土拨鼠、豚鼠、中国仓鼠)活精子顶体的变化和明显的脱落。
The term membrane vesiculation is used in this report to denote the occurrence of multiple unions between two cellular membranes lying in close apposition, with the formation first of a double-walled fenestrated layer and ultimately of an array of separate membrane-bounded vesicles. The stages are illustrated in Fig. 1. The process depicted by these diagrams is essentially the same as that suggested by Tormey (9) to explain his observations on cells of the ciliary epithelium in which the formation of a fenestrated layer from two contiguous membranes was inferred to take place. In the ciliary epithelium, the membranes involved were the cell membranes lining invaginations and interdigitating processes of neighboring cells. Tormey cites other data and work of several other authors, which support the thesis that membrane vesiculation is often to be ascribed to fixation of tissue with osmium tetroxide, glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue usually showing instead intact parallel membranes. Cell membranes in close apposition in other situations have also been described as undergoing vesiculation. Thus, vesicles considered to have been derived from fused sperm and egg membranes were reported by the Colwins (5) in an electron microscope study of early fertilization in the annelid Hydroides hexagonus. Piko and Tyler (7) believed that the plasma and acrosome membranes in the rat spermatozoon are removed largely by vesiculation, as the spermatozoon passes into the egg. In the bull sperm head illustrated by Saacke and Almquist (8, Fig. 16), the row of vesicles arranged about the nucleus appears to have arisen by multiple fusions between plasma and acrosome membranes, and a closely similar change has been seen in a monkey spermatozoon (LE Franklin, unpublished data). In these observations on animal gametes, the assumption has been that the changes seen were attributable to a natural process; yet all these authors used osmium tetroxide as fixative, and consequently could have been misled by the production of artifacts. However, data have now been obtained with glutaraldehydefixed tissue which show that extensive vesiculation takes place between plasma and acrosome membranes in the course of the acrosome reaction evinced by hamster and rabbit spermatozoa as they pass through the egg investments. Information on the mammalian acrosome reaction has been meager at the ultrastructural level. By phase-contrast light microscopy, the occurrence of a change in and apparent detachment of the acrosome in living spermatozoa of several rodents (hamster, Libyan jird, guinea pig, Chinese hamster) were first described by Austin and Bishop (3)