URBAN STORM WATER TRANSPORT AND WASH-OFF OF CESIUM-137 AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
URBAN STORM WATER TRANSPORT AND WASH-OFF OF CESIUM-137 AFTER THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00279517
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发表时间：
1990-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
BJURMAN, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
HALLDIN, S;RODHE, A;BJURMAN, B
放射性沉降物后城市地区的辐射防护规划需要了解雨水运输造成的去污。这份报告阐明了1986年4月29日至30日在乌普萨拉的一个屋顶和三个暴雨下水道中137 Cs的迁移，这是造成切尔诺贝利污染的第一次降雨。径流和暴雨中~（137）Cs浓度的测定精度为10 ~ 15%。根据18 O的含量确定了暴雨水的来源。1986年7月3日测量了表面污染。总沉降量为25 kBq m-2。在5月11日的降雨期间，从屋顶和下水道区域分别输送了4 kBq m-2和约1 kBq m-2。从4月30日至7月4日，进行了13至20 kBq m-2的去污。另一个项目的测量表明，沉降雨事件冲走了10至16 kBq m-2。5月11日的小规模降雨冲刷了截至7月4日的剩余清除量的三分之一。在5月11日事件的137 Cs的运输增加时，径流增加，但效率较低的事件进行。137 Cs浓度与径流量的关系表明，乌普萨拉地区137 Cs的径流量主要是由颗粒结合态的137 Cs所决定。
Radiation protection planning in urban areas after a radioactive fallout requires knowledge of decontamination caused by storm water transport. This report elucidates the transport of 137Cs from a roof and three storm sewers in Uppsala during the first rainfall after those, on 29-30 April 1986, causing ghe Chernobyl contamination. Runoff and concentration of 137Cs in storm water were detemined with an accuracy of 10 to 15%. The origin of storm water was determined from its content of 18O. Surface contamination was measured on 3 July 1986. Total fallout was 25 kBq m-2. During the rainfall on 11 May, 4 kBq m-2 were transported from the roof and approximately 1 kBq m-2 from the sewered areas. From 30 April to 4 July there was a decontamination of 13 to 20 kBq m-2. Measurments from another project showed that the fallout rain events washed off 10 to 16 kBq m-2. The wash-off by the small rainfall on 11 May constituted one third of the remaining decontamination occurring up until 4 July. The transport of 137Cs during the 11 May event increased when the runoff increased, but was less efficient as the event proceeded. The relations between 137Cs concentrations and runoff implied that the wash-off of 137Cs in Uppsala was totally dominated by that bound to particles.