The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy
The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Immunotherapy
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-67577-0_4
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zou, Weiping
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Frankel, Timothy;Lanfranca, Mirna Perusina;Zou, Weiping
肿瘤免疫学和免疫治疗领域在过去十年中经历了一次复兴，这在很大程度上是为了更好地了解肿瘤免疫微环境。在经历了世纪无数的成功和挫折之后，免疫疗法现在已经走到癌症研究的最前沿，并且被认为是抗肿瘤治疗中的重要工具。治疗的目标是通过增强免疫系统对肿瘤抗原的反应能力来帮助免疫系统识别和破坏肿瘤细胞。这传统上是通过接种疫苗或通过被动递送免疫效应物（如过继细胞转移的情况）诱导适应性免疫来实现的。最近发现的免疫“检查点”，其目的是抑制免疫活性和防止自身免疫，创造了一个新的角度，通过它可以增强对肿瘤的反应性。这些检查点的阻断剂已经产生了令人印象深刻的临床结果，最近已被批准用于各种恶性肿瘤。随着数据显示不仅治疗反应率增加，而且完全缓解率增加，免疫疗法有望成为癌症治疗中越来越多使用的疗法。
The field of tumor immunology and immunotherapy has undergone a renaissance in the past decade do in large part to a better understanding of the tumor immune microenvironment. After suffering countless successes and setbacks in the twentieth century, immunotherapy has now come to the forefront of cancer research and is recognized as an important tool in the anti-tumor armamentarium. The goal of therapy is to aid the immune system in recognition and destruction of tumor cells by enhancing its ability to react to tumor antigens. This traditionally has been accomplished by induction of adaptive immunity through vaccination or through passive delivery of immunologic effectors as in the case of adoptive cell transfer. The recent discovery of immune “checkpoints” whose purpose is to suppress immune activity and prevent auto-immunity has created a new angle by which reactivity to tumors can be enhanced. Blockers of these checkpoints have yielded impressive clinical results and have recently been approved for use in a wide variety of malignancies. With data showing increasing rates of not only treatment response, but complete remissions, immunotherapy is poised to become an increasingly utilized therapy in the treatment of cancer.