Technology of closed-drift thrusters
Technology of closed-drift thrusters
复制标题
闭式漂移推进器技术
DOI：
10.2514/3.8874
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发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
H. Kaufman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Kaufman
前言闭式漂移推进器在这里被定义为一种推进器，其中离子基本上在推力方向上被静电加速，加速电场由电子电流与横向磁场相互作用而建立。电子运动的一个分量与离子流相反。另一个分量垂直于该方向。与此正常分量相关的电流称为霍尔电流。在封闭漂移加速器中，霍尔电流有一条完整的或封闭的路径。此外，要使离子在基本上单一的推力方向上加速，离子回旋加速器半径必须比总加速长度大得多。封闭漂移推进器通常采用轴对称的电极和极片，径向磁场，轴向电场。霍尔电流在这样的配置中以圆形闭合路径流动。还研究了几个无轴对称的闭式漂移推进器。闭式漂移推进器特别适合在S 1000-2000比冲范围内工作(大约10,000-20,000米/S排气速度)。由于过大的激发和电离损耗，用电热推进器很难在1000 S以上运行。另一方面，栅格型静电推进器的空间电荷流限制将不允许实际离子电流密度低于约2000 S。在1000-2000 S范围内，建立离子加速所需的电子回流在很大程度上可以用于产生离子。在这个比冲范围内，离子的产生构成了闭路漂移推进器的主要损耗，这种损耗可以低于每束离子100 eV。功率处理要求也是中等的。在设计合理的闭路漂移推进器中，只需要一个电源电路就可以稳定运行，该电路的电压通常在50-500 V范围内。
Introduction A CLOSED-drift thruster is defined herein as a thruster in which ions are electrostatically accelerated in essentially the thrust direction, with the accelerating electric field established by an electron current interacting with a transverse magnetic field. One component of the electron motion is counter to the ion flow. Another component is normal to that direction. The current associated with this normal component is called the Hall current. In a closed-drift accelerator there is a complete, or closed, path for the Hall current. In addition, for the ions to be accelerated in essentially a single thrust direction, the ion cyclotron radius must be much larger than the total acceleration length. Closed-drift thrusters usually employ axially symmetric electrodes and pole pieces, with the magnetic field in the radial direction and the electric field in the axial direction. The Hall current flows in a circular closed path in such a configuration. A few closed-drift thrusters without axial symmetry have also been investigated. The closed-drift thruster is particularly well suited for operation in the 1000-2000 s range of specific impulse (approximately 10,000-20,000 m/s exhaust velocity). It is difficult to operate above about 1000 s with an electrothermal thruster due to excessive excitation and ionization losses. On the other hand, the space-charge-flow limitations of gridded electrostatic thrusters will not permit practical ion current densities below about 2000 s. Within the 1000-2000 s range, the electron backflow required to establish ion acceleration can, for the most part, be used to generate ions. The generation of ions constitutes the major closed-drift thruster loss in this range of specific impulse, and this loss can be under 100 eV per beam ion. The power processing requirements are also moderate. In a properly designed closed-drift thruster only one power circuit is required for steady-state operation, with the voltage of this circuit typically in the 50-500 V range.