From wave-particle duality to wave-particlemixedness triality: an uncertainty approach
From wave-particle duality to wave-particlemixedness triality: an uncertainty approach
复制标题
从波粒二象性到波粒混合试验：一种不确定性方法
DOI：
10.1088/1572-9494/ac53a2
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Luo Shunlong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fu Shuangshuang;Luo Shunlong
波粒二象性，作为玻尔互补性的一种表现，通常用路径可预测性和干涉可见性来量化。从操作的角度提出了波粒二象性的各种特征，其中大多数以不等式的形式表示，有些主题通过结合纠缠或相干以不等式的形式表示。在这项工作中，我们通过将波粒二象性投射到多径干涉仪中的信息守恒形式中，以不确定性为统一主题，从而对波粒二象性的本质产生了不同的见解。更具体地说，通过使用简单而基本的方差概念，我们建立了统一的分辨率，可以将其解释为量子态的波特征、粒子特征和混合性之间的互补关系。这改进或重新解释了一些传统的波粒二象性方法，并突出了问题的信息方面。我们的方法的关键思想在于，量子态作为厄米算子，也可以自然地视为可观测的，测量不确定性（在一个状态中）和状态不确定性（在一个测量中）分别被用来量化量子态的粒子特征和波特征。这两种不确定性虽然都是通过方差来定义的，但它们具有根本不同的性质，并捕捉到状态的不同特征。它们与量子态固有的一种不确定性混合在一起，构成了统一，从而导致了波粒-混合互补的表征。通过实例进一步说明了这种三元关系，并与一些流行的波粒二象性或三元关系进行了比较。
The wave-particle duality, as a manifestation of Bohr's complementarity, is usually quantified in terms of path predictability and interference visibility. Various characterizations of the wave-particle duality have been proposed froman operational perspective,most of them are in forms of inequalities, and some of themare expressed in forms of equalities by incorporating entanglement or coherence. In this work, we shed different insights into the nature of the wave-particle duality by casting it into a form of information conservation in a multi-path interferometer, with uncertainty as a unified theme. More specifically, by employing the simple yet fundamental concept of variance, we establish a resolution of unity, which can be interpreted as a complementarity relation among wave feature, particle feature, and mixedness of a quantum state. This refines or reinterprets some conventional approaches to wave-particle duality, and highlights informational aspects of the issue. The key idea of our approach lies in that a quantum state, as a Hermitian operator, can also be naturally regarded as an observable, with measurement uncertainty (in a state) and state uncertainty (in a measurement) being exploited to quantify particle feature and wave feature of a quantum state, respectively. These two kinds of uncertainties, although both are defined via variance, have fundamentally different properties and capture different features of a state. Together with the mixedness, which is a kind of uncertainty intrinsic to a quantum state, they add up to unity, and thus lead to a characterization of the waveparticle- mixedness complementarity. This triality relation is further illustrated by examples and compared with some popular wave-particle duality or triality relations.