Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences
Acoustic cavitation and its chemical consequences
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DOI：
10.1098/rsta.1999.0330
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发表时间：
1999-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wong, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Suslick, KS;Didenko, Y;Wong, M
声空化是声化学和声致发光的原因。液体中的气泡破裂导致来自液体运动的动能转化为气泡内容物的加热的能量的巨大集中。当地的高温和高压，加上非常快速的冷却，为在极端条件下驱动化学反应提供了独特的手段。已经探索了超声增强化学反应性的各种应用，在混合相合成、材料化学和生物医学用途中具有重要应用。例如，挥发性有机金属前体在低挥发性溶剂中的声化学分解产生具有高催化活性的各种形式的纳米结构材料。纳米结构的金属、合金、碳化物和硫化物、纳米胶体和纳米结构的负载型催化剂都可以通过这种一般途径制备。声化学在材料化学中的另一个重要应用是生物材料的制备，最著名的是蛋白质微球。这种微球具有广泛的生物医学应用，包括它们用作超声检查、磁共振成像对比度增强和氧气或药物递送的回波造影剂。
Acoustic cavitation is responsible for both sonochemistry and sonoluminescence. Bubble collapse in liquids results in an enormous concentration of energy from the conversion of the kinetic energy of liquid motion into heating of the contents of the bubble. The high local temperatures and pressures, combined with extraordinarily rapid cooling, provide a unique means for driving chemical reactions under extreme conditions. A diverse set of applications of ultrasound to enhance chemical reactivity has been explored, with important applications in mixed-phase synthesis, materials chemistry, and biomedical uses. For example, the sonochemical decomposition of volatile organometallic precursors in low-volatility solvents produces nanostructured materials in various forms with high catalytic activities. Nanostructured metals, alloys, carbides and sulphides, nanometre colloids, and nanostructured supported catalysts can all be prepared by this general route. Another important application of sonochemistry to materials chemistry has been the preparation of biomaterials, most notably protein microspheres. Such microspheres have a wide range of biomedical applications, including their use as echo contrast agents for sonography, magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, and oxygen or drug delivery.