GROWTH AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HYDRA IN MASS CULTURE
GROWTH AND SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF HYDRA IN MASS CULTURE
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DOI：
10.1002/jez.1401320309
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发表时间：
1956-01-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
LENHOFF, HM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LOOMIS, WF;LENHOFF, HM
任何对腔肠动物水螅的新陈代谢的研究都需要一种大量培养这些动物的方法，因为一个水螅只含有大约40 [gamma]干重的物质。本文描述了一种在大量培养物中生长水螅的方法，每个培养物含有大约10，000个水螅。由于所需的大量培养物可以同时生长，因此这种方法为多种研究提供了足够的起始材料。在这种方法的发展过程中观察到了一些有趣的现象。例如，发现新接种的培养物中水螅的数量沿沿着S形曲线增加，该曲线可分为三个阶段：（1）胚胎期，其中最初接种的水螅通过出芽而繁殖增加;（2）成熟期，其中最初无性的水螅分化成成熟的雄性和雌性;以及（3）最终稳定期，在此期间水螅无限期地保持在恒定的种群密度水平。因此，在几个方面，水螅的大量培养被发现表现为一个完整的生物单元，因为整体的生长控制着其组成部分的生长和分化。因此，增加人口密度刺激性分化的同时，它最终抑制体细胞生长的萌芽。这些积极和消极的群体效应的意义进行了讨论。
Any investigation of the metabolism of the coelenterate hydra demands a method of growing these animals in large numbers, for one hydra contains only about 40 [gamma] dry weight of material. The present paper describes a method of growing hydra in mass cultures, each culture containing approximately 10,000 hydra. Since as many mass cultures as desired may be grown simultaneously, this method provides adequate starting material for many kinds of investigation. Several interesting phenomena were observed during the development of this method. For example, it was found that the number of hydra in a newly-seeded culture increased along a sigmoid curve that could be divided into three phases (1) an embryonic phase, in which the initially seeded hydra increased logarithmically by budding; (2) a maturation phase, in which the originally asexual hydra differentiated into mature males and females; and (3) a final stationary phase, in which the hydra remained indefinitely at a constant level of population density. In several respects therefore, a mass culture of hydra was found to behave as an integrated biological unit, for the growth of the whole controlled the growth and differentiation of its component parts. Thus, increasing population density stimulated sexual differentiation at the same time as it eventually inhibited somatic growth by budding. The significance of these positive and negative group effects is discussed.