Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty.
Physical activity in older age: perspectives for healthy ageing and frailty.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10522-016-9641-0
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发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Degens H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McPhee JS;French DP;Jackson D;Nazroo J;Pendleton N;Degens H
定期的体力活动有助于改善身体和精神功能，并逆转慢性病的一些影响，使老年人保持活动和独立。尽管体育锻炼的好处广为人知，但在英国，绝大多数老年人没有达到维持健康所需的最低体育锻炼水平。久坐不动的生活方式在老年人中占主导地位，导致过早出现健康不佳、疾病和虚弱。地方当局有责任促进老年人的体育活动，但知道如何在人口层面上刺激经常性活动是具有挑战性的。讨论了身体活动的生理基础、不良事件的风险、社会和心理因素，以期为相对健康的老年人以及身体虚弱的人提供公共卫生倡议。证据表明，定期的体力活动对健康和虚弱的老年人是安全的，定期完成从低强度步行到更剧烈的运动和阻力练习等活动，可以降低患上主要心血管和代谢疾病、肥胖、跌倒、认知障碍、骨质疏松症和肌肉无力的风险。然而，老年人参加体育活动的比例仍然很低，特别是那些生活在不太富裕地区的老年人。如果老年人受到临床医生、家人或朋友的影响，可以鼓励他们增加活动，保持低成本和高乐趣，促进基于小组的活动，并提高锻炼的自我效能感。
Regular physical activity helps to improve physical and mental functions as well as reverse some effects of chronic disease to keep older people mobile and independent. Despite the highly publicised benefits of physical activity, the overwhelming majority of older people in the United Kingdom do not meet the minimum physical activity levels needed to maintain health. The sedentary lifestyles that predominate in older age results in premature onset of ill health, disease and frailty. Local authorities have a responsibility to promote physical activity amongst older people, but knowing how to stimulate regular activity at the population-level is challenging. The physiological rationale for physical activity, risks of adverse events, societal and psychological factors are discussed with a view to inform public health initiatives for the relatively healthy older person as well as those with physical frailty. The evidence shows that regular physical activity is safe for healthy and for frail older people and the risks of developing major cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, obesity, falls, cognitive impairments, osteoporosis and muscular weakness are decreased by regularly completing activities ranging from low intensity walking through to more vigorous sports and resistance exercises. Yet, participation in physical activities remains low amongst older adults, particularly those living in less affluent areas. Older people may be encouraged to increase their activities if influenced by clinicians, family or friends, keeping costs low and enjoyment high, facilitating group-based activities and raising self-efficacy for exercise.