PFAS remediation in soil: An evaluation of carbon-based materials for contaminant sequestration.
PFAS remediation in soil: An evaluation of carbon-based materials for contaminant sequestration.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123335
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
T. H. Bui;N. Zuverza-Mena;C. Dimkpa;S. Nason;Sara Thomas;Jason C White
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. H. Bui;N. Zuverza-Mena;C. Dimkpa;S. Nason;Sara Thomas;Jason C White
土壤中存在的全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是一个全球关注的问题，因为这些新出现的污染物具有高度的抗降解性，并且在极低浓度下对人类和环境健康造成不利影响。利用碳基材料将PFAS隔离在土壤中是一种低成本和有效的策略，可以最大限度地减少污染物的生物利用度和暴露，并可能为环境中的PFAS提供潜在的长期修复。本文全面评价了目前利用碳基吸附剂在土壤中固存PFAS的研究进展。来自氟化碳（C-F）骨架“尾部”的疏水效应和来自分子“头部”官能团的静电相互作用是控制PFAS吸附的两个驱动力。因此，不同的C-F链长度和极性官能团显著改变PFAS的可用性和浸出性。此外，基质参数（如土壤有机质、无机矿物质和pH）显著影响着吸附剂对PFAS的吸附。活性炭、生物炭、碳纳米管及其复合材料是用于PFAS吸附的主要碳基材料。重要的是，改变碳的结构和表面化学对于增加活性吸附位点和加强与PFAS的相互作用是必不可少的。本综述评估了现有文献，确定了当前修复技术的知识空白，并提出了利用可持续的新型碳基吸附剂在污染土壤中吸收PFAS的未来策略。
The presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soils is a global concern as these emerging contaminants are highly resistant to degradation and cause adverse effects on human and environmental health at very low concentrations. Sequestering PFAS in soils using carbon-based materials is a low-cost and effective strategy to minimize pollutant bioavailability and exposure, and may offer potential long-term remediation of PFAS in the environment. This paper provides a comprehensive evaluation of current insights on sequestration of PFAS in soil using carbon-based sorbents. Hydrophobic effects originating from fluorinated carbon (C–F) backbone “tail” and electrostatic interactions deriving from functional groups on the molecules’ “head” are the two driving forces governing PFAS sorption. Consequently, varying C–F chain lengths and polar functional groups significantly alter PFAS availability and leachability. Furthermore, matrix parameters such as soil organic matter, inorganic minerals, and pH significantly impact PFAS sequestration by sorbent amendments. Materials such as activated carbon, biochar, carbon nanotubes, and their composites are the primary C-based materials used for PFAS adsorption. Importantly, modifying the carbon structural and surface chemistry is essential for increasing the active sorption sites and for strengthening interactions with PFAS. This review evaluates current literature, identifies knowledge gaps in current remediation technologies and addresses future strategies on the sequestration of PFAS in contaminated soil using sustainable novel C-based sorbents.