Pleistocene environmental dynamics recorded in the loess of the middle and lower Danube basin
Pleistocene environmental dynamics recorded in the loess of the middle and lower Danube basin
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.002
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发表时间：
2012-05-18
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Hambach, Ulrich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fitzsimmons, Kathryn E.;Markovic, Slobodan B.;Hambach, Ulrich
欧洲东南部多瑙河中下游盆地的大量黄土沉积是欧洲大陆上最厚、最全面的陆地古环境记录之一，但也是人们了解最少的。过去一百万年的环境条件导致了相对连续的沉积，不受冰川和冻土带条件的干扰，但反映了相对温暖-潮湿(“间冰期”)和冷干(“冰期”)之间的波动。这种相对的环境稳定性对人类迁徙进入和通过该地区可能是重要的。黄土地层由不同的黄土-古土壤序列组成，反映了冰川-间冰期阶段，可以利用环境磁学和地球化学来量化强度。对气候变化作出反应的植被和软体动物的变化强调了这些阶段。黄土沉积在盆地范围内表现出广泛的相似的沉积学特征。多瑙河黄土沉积是在潘尼昂盆地的构造形成、大型古湖泊的撤退和多瑙河沉积物供应增加的响应下形成的。类似于1 Ma-500ka(MIS27-13)的时期的特点是，在相对潮湿的森林条件下，在冰期和间冰期，黄土沉积和土壤生成分别交替发生。这一时期代表着多瑙河走廊的开放，为人类最初到达欧洲提供了背景。在接近500ka之后，特别是在MIS9之后，黄土堆积速率随着相对更多的草原、干旱环境的响应而增加。MIS9和13-15是600Ky末期最湿润的阶段。MIS5间冰期是全新世之前最温暖、相对最潮湿的时期，在MIS4期间，黄土堆积显著增加，这可能与北大西洋环流有关。MIS3层间古土壤的复杂性表明，这段时间的条件并不是均匀的温暖和潮湿。MIS 3与解剖学上的现代人第一次来到欧洲相对应。MIS2的最后一次冰盛期和较年轻的仙女座的特点是黄土堆积大幅增加，表明寒冷的草原环境最有可能受到北大西洋的影响，尽管条件足够温和，该地区充当了嗜热生物群的避难所，就像大多数更新世冰川旋回一样。全新世土壤代表了与当前间冰期相对应的相对温暖和潮湿的条件。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The substantial loess deposits of the middle and lower Danube basin in southeastern Europe represent one of the thickest and most comprehensive terrestrial palaeoenvironmental records on the continent, yet are also the least well understood. Environmental conditions over the last million years have resulted in relatively continuous deposits uninterrupted by glaciation and tundra conditions, which nevertheless reflect oscillations between relatively warm-humid ("interglacial") and cold-dry ("glacial") intervals. This relative environmental stability may have proven important for hominins migrating into and through the region.The loess stratigraphy comprises distinct loess-paleosol sequences, reflecting glacial-interglacial phases which can be quantified for intensity using environmental magnetism and geochemistry. These phases are emphasised by variations in vegetation and malacofauna which respond to climatic change. The loess deposits demonstrate broadly similar sedimentological characteristics across the basin.Danubian loess deposits initiated in response to the tectonic formation of the Pannonian basin, retreat of the large palaeolakes, and increased sediment supply from the Danube. The period from similar to 1 Ma-500 ka (MIS 27-13) was characterised by alternating loess deposition and pedogenesis during glacial and interglacial periods respectively, in response to relatively humid, forested conditions. This period represents the opening of the Danube corridor and provides the backdrop for initial hominin arrival into Europe. After similar to 500 ka, and particularly after MIS 9, loess accumulation rates increased in response to relatively more steppic, arid, environments. MIS 9 and 13-15 were the most humid phases of the last similar to 600 ky. The MIS 5 interglacial period was the warmest, and relatively most humid, period preceding the Holocene, and was followed by substantially increased loess accumulation during MIS 4, which may be linked to North Atlantic circulation. The complexity of the MIS 3 interstadial paleosol suggests that conditions were not uniformly warm and wet during this time. MIS 3 corresponds with the first arrival of anatomically modern humans to Europe. The last glacial maximum and Younger Dryas of MIS 2 were characterised by substantially increased loess accumulation indicating cold steppe environments most likely influenced by the North Atlantic, although conditions were sufficiently mild that the region acted as a refugium for thermophilic biota, as may also have been the case for most of the Pleistocene glacial cycles. The Holocene soil represents relatively wamer and more humid conditions corresponding to the current interglacial. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.