An insight into the risk factors of brain tumors and their therapeutic interventions
An insight into the risk factors of brain tumors and their therapeutic interventions
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112119
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发表时间：
2021-08-30
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasheed, Sumbal;Rehman, Kanwal;Akash, Muhammad Sajid Hamid
脑肿瘤是大脑中细胞的异常生长，也称为多因素肿瘤。脑肿瘤的发病率迅速增加，已成为全球肿瘤相关死亡的主要原因。有几个因素具有颅内肿瘤的潜在风险。迄今为止，国际癌症研究机构已将电离辐射和N-亚硝基化合物分别列为已确定的致癌物和可能的致癌物。脑肿瘤的诊断基于组织病理学和合适的成像技术。使用或不使用对比增强 MRI 的标记氨基酸和氟脱氧葡萄糖用于评估肿瘤痕迹。 T2 加权 MRI 是一种先进的诊断方法，用于检测低级别胶质瘤。治疗决策取决于肿瘤的大小、位置、类型、患者的年龄和健康状况。肿瘤治疗的常规治疗方法是手术、放疗和化疗。而新的策略可能包括靶向治疗、电场治疗和疫苗治疗。细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂的抑制是晚期癌症的一种有吸引力的肿瘤缓解策略；未来，它可能被证明是一种有用的靶向治疗。血脑屏障是治疗药物向脑组织转运的主要障碍。此外，纳米医学在癌症治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。纳米药物递送系统如脂质体药物递送已广泛应用于癌症治疗。脂质体封装的药物比游离药物具有更好的治疗效果。许多脑肿瘤的治疗方法正在进行高级临床研究。
Brain tumors are an abnormal growth of cells in the brain, also known as multifactorial groups of neoplasm. Incidence rates of brain tumors increase rapidly, and it has become a leading cause of tumor related deaths globally. Several factors have potential risks for intracranial neoplasm. To date, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified the ionizing radiation and the N-nitroso compounds as established carcinogens and probable carcinogens respectively. Diagnosis of brain tumors is based on histopathology and suitable imaging techniques. Labeled amino acids and fluorodeoxyglucose with or without contrast-enhanced MRI are used for the evaluation of tumor traces. T2-weighted MRI is an advanced diagnostic implementation, used for the detection of low-grade gliomas. Treatment decisions are based on tumor size, location, type, patient's age and health status. Conventional therapeutic approaches for tumor treatment are surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While the novel strategies may include targeted therapy, electric field treatments and vaccine therapy. Inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors is an attractive tumor mitigation strategy for advanced-stage cancers; in the future, it may prove to be a useful targeted therapy. The blood-brain barrier poses a major hurdle in the transport of therapeutics towards brain tissues. Moreover, nanomedicine has gained a vital role in cancer therapy. Nano drug delivery system such as liposomal drug delivery has been widely used in the cancer treatment. Liposome encapsulated drugs have improved therapeutic efficacy than free drugs. Numerous treatment therapies for brain tumors are in advanced clinical research.