The Problem State: A Cognitive Bottleneck in Multitasking
The Problem State: A Cognitive Bottleneck in Multitasking
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DOI：
10.1037/a0018106
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发表时间：
2010-03-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
van Rijn, Hedderik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Borst, Jelmer P.;Taatgen, Niels A.;van Rijn, Hedderik
多任务理论面临的主要挑战是预测任务何时以及如何相互干扰。因此，我们关注与问题状态相关的干扰。任务当前状态的一种可直接访问的中间表示。根据Salvucci和Taatgen（2008）的线索认知理论，我们预测当两个或两个以上的任务需要一个问题状态时，而不是只有一个任务需要一个问题状态时，会产生干扰。这一预测在一系列的3个实验中得到了验证。在实验1中，它的减法任务和它的文本输入任务必须同时进行。这两个任务都有两个版本：一个需要维护问题状态，另一个不需要。结果表明，当两个任务都需要一个问题状态时，任务之间的干扰最大。另外两个实验测试了干扰是否确实是由于问题状态瓶颈而不是认知负荷（实验2：替代减法和文本输入实验）或语音循环瓶颈（实验3：添加语音处理的三任务实验）造成的。两个实验都支持问题状态假说。为了解释观察到的行为，在认知架构ACT-R的背景下，使用线程认知开发了计算认知模型（Anderson, 2007）。模型验证了问题状态瓶颈可以解释观测到的干扰。
The main challenge for theories of multitasking is to predict when and how tasks interfere. He re, we focus on interference related to the problem state. a directly accessible intermediate representation of the current state of a task. On the basis of Salvucci and Taatgen's (2008) threaded cognition theory, we predict interference if 2 or more tasks require a problem state but not when only, one task requires one. This prediction was tested in a series of 3 experiments. In Experiment 1, it Subtraction task and it text entry task had to be carried out concurrently. Both tasks were presented in 2 versions: one that required maintaining it problem state and one that did not. A significant overadditive interaction effect wits observed, showing that the interference between tasks was maximal when both tasks required a problem state. The other 2 experiments tested whether the interference wits indeed due to a problem state bottleneck, instead of cognitive load (Experiment 2: an alternative Subtraction and text entry experiment) or a phonological loop bottleneck (Experiment 3: a triple-task experiment that added phonological processing). Both experiments supported the problem state hypothesis. To account for the observed behavior, computational cognitive models were developed using, threaded cognition within the context of the cognitive architecture ACT-R (Anderson, 2007). The models confirm that it problem state bottleneck can explain the observed interference.