Is Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism necessarily a disability?
Is Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism necessarily a disability?
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579400003126
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Baron-Cohen, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Baron-Cohen, S
本文考虑的是阿斯伯格综合征(AS)或高功能自闭症(HFA)是否必然导致残疾，或者AS/HFA是否只是导致“差异”。它的结论是，与AS/HFA有关的“区别”一词比“损害”、“缺陷”或“残疾”等术语更为中性、无价值和更公平的描述；“残疾”一词仅适用于功能较低的自闭症病例；但只要法律框架仅为残疾个人提供经济和其他支持，“残疾”一词可能需要保留在AS/HFA中。总结了两个模型，它们试图定义AS/HFA个体以何种方式“不同”：中央连贯性模型和民间心理-民间物理学模型。研究的挑战是测试这些模型的价值，并准确地描述认知风格的差异。
This article considers whether Asperger syndrome (AS) or high-functioning autism (HFA) necessarily leads to disability or whether AS/HFA simply leads to "difference." It concludes that the term "difference" in relation to AS/HFA is a more neutral, value-free, and fairer description than terms such as "impairment," "deficiency," or "disability"; that the term "disability" only applies to the lower functioning cases of autism; but that the term "disability" may need toe retained for AS/HFA as long as the legal framework provides financial and other support only for individuals with a disability. Two models are summarized which attempt to define in what way individuals with AS/HFA are "different": the central coherence model, and the folk psychology-folk physics model. The challenge for research is to test the value of such models and to precisely characterize the differences in cognitive style.