Combining genetic and evolutionary engineering to establish C4 metabolism in C3 plants.

Combining genetic and evolutionary engineering to establish C4 metabolism in C3 plants.
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结合遗传和进化工程在C3植物中建立C4代谢

DOI:
10.1093/jxb/erw333
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
6.9
通讯作者:
Maurino VG
Maurino VG
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heckmann D;Lercher MJ;Maurino VG

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为了养活预计到2050年将达到90亿的世界人口,主要作物的生产力必须至少提高50%。提高谷物产量的一个潜在途径是在基因上赋予它们“增压”的c4型光合作用;然而,对于相应的基因工程计划来说,必要的基因修饰还没有得到充分的了解。在本文中,我们讨论了通过发展新的植物育种模式来解决这一问题的策略。我们建议将生物工程与随后的进化工程相结合,即诱变和人工选择。使用现有的c3 - c4进化数学模型来选择最有希望实现这一目标的路径。基于生物数学模拟,我们设计了仅在束鞘细胞中表达中心碳固定酶Rubisco的拟南芥植物(Ru-BSC植物),这是c4植物的定位特征。这种修饰最初将是有害的,迫使Ru-BSC植物进入一个适应度谷,在这个适应度谷中,通过适应度增强突变,以前无法实现的c4光合作用的适应步骤变得容易实现。然后对诱变的Ru-BSC植物进行筛选,以改善光合作用,并期望通过向c4解剖和生物化学进化来应对施加的人工选择压力。
To feed a world population projected to reach 9 billion people by 2050, the productivity of major crops must be increased by at least 50%. One potential route to boost the productivity of cereals is to equip them genetically with the ‘supercharged’ C4type of photosynthesis; however, the necessary genetic modifications are not sufficiently understood for the corresponding genetic engineering programme. In this opinion paper, we discuss a strategy to solve this problem by developing a new paradigm for plant breeding. We propose combining the bioengineering of well-understood traits with subsequent evolutionary engineering, i.e. mutagenesis and artificial selection. An existing mathematical model of C3–C4evolution is used to choose the most promising path towards this goal. Based on biomathematical simulations, we engineerArabidopsis thalianaplants that express the central carbon-fixing enzyme Rubisco only in bundle sheath cells (Ru-BSC plants), the localization characteristic for C4plants. This modification will initially be deleterious, forcing the Ru-BSC plants into a fitness valley from where previously inaccessible adaptive steps towards C4photosynthesis become accessible through fitness-enhancing mutations. Mutagenized Ru-BSC plants are then screened for improved photosynthesis, and are expected to respond to imposed artificial selection pressures by evolving towards C4anatomy and biochemistry.
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DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv555
发表时间: 2016-05
影响因子: 6.9
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