Psychological maturity and subjective well-being: Toward a new synthesis.
Psychological maturity and subjective well-being: Toward a new synthesis.
复制标题
心理成熟度和主观幸福感：迈向新的综合。
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
1983
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Costa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. McCrae;P. Costa
Alker和Gawin（1978）提出，心理越成熟的个体幸福感或幸福感越高，不同成熟水平的个体幸福感的质量也不同。本研究使用华盛顿大学Loevinger句子完成测试（WUSCT; Loevinger & Wessler, 1970）作为发展成熟度的衡量标准，同时使用Bradburn情感平衡量表（Bradburn, 1969）和另外两项主观幸福感的测量标准，对240名成年男性样本进行研究，未能复制成熟度与幸福感之间的关联。此外，神经质和外向性的人格倾向与幸福感之间存在显著的关系，而不受成熟度水平的影响。有人提出，发展水平可能决定了幸福或不幸福的场合或解释，但主观幸福感体验本身的质量和数量与成熟度无关。关于幸福本质（或与生活满意度、士气和主观幸福感密切相关的结构）的理论和研究使人们对幸福的决定因素有了越来越多的了解。调查研究（Andrews & Withey, 1976）显示了社会人口变量对幸福感的适度贡献。适应水平理论被用来解释客观生活质量截然不同的群体之间的幸福感差异之小（Brickman, Coates, & Janoff-Bulman, 1978）。神经质和外向的持久人格倾向在预测幸福的特征水平方面的作用已经通过各种人格和幸福的测量来证明，预测间隔超过10年(Costa & mcrae， 1980年a； Costa, mcrae；
Alker and Gawin (1978) proposed that happiness or well-being is higher among more psychologically mature individuals, and that happiness is qualitatively different for individuals of different levels of maturity. Using the Loevinger Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT; Loevinger & Wessler, 1970) as a measure of developmental maturity, together with the Bradburn Affect Balance Scale (Bradburn, 1969) and two additional measures of subjective wellbeing in a sample of 240 adult males, the present study failed to replicate the association of maturity with well-being. Further, the personality dispositions of neuroticism and extraversion were found to show significant relations to happiness regardless of maturity level of subjects. It was proposed that developmental level may determine the occasions or interpretations of happiness or unhappiness but that the quality and quantity of the experience of subjective well-being itself is independent of maturity. Theory and research on the nature of happiness (or the closely related constructs of life satisfaction, morale, and subjective wellbeing) have resulted in a growing understanding of its determinants. Survey research (Andrews & Withey, 1976) has shown the modest contributions of sociodemographic variables to well-being. Adaptation-level theory has been used to explain the unexpectedly small differences in happiness between groups sharply contrasted in objective quality of life (Brickman, Coates, & Janoff-Bulman, 1978). The role of the enduring personality dispositions of neuroticism and extraversion in predicting characteristic levels of well-being has been demonstrated using a variety of measures of both personality and well-being, with predictive intervals of over 10 years (Costa & McCrae, 1980a; Costa, McCrae,