Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies
Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x
复制
发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Trathan, Philip N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fretwell, Peter T.;Trathan, Philip N.
目的应用遥感技术绘制和评估帝企鹅(Aptenodytes Forsteri)的繁殖分布。泛南极。方法利用从南极陆地卫星图像马赛克(LIMA)下载的Landsat ETM卫星图像，检测与其栖息地相关的帝企鹅的粪便冰渍。帝企鹅在海冰上繁殖，它们的群体在每年5月至12月期间原地生存。在陆地卫星图像上，这些殖民地位置的粪便染色显示为棕色斑块，这是海冰上唯一的棕色染色。因此，这种染色可用作菌落位置的模拟。对整个大陆海岸线进行了分析，并对每一种可能的信号进行了肉眼识别和光谱分析检查。在利马数据不合适的地区，补充了免费可用的陆地卫星图像。结果我们在总共38个地点确定了帝企鹅的聚居地。其中，10个是新的地点，由于旧记录中地理信息不佳，6个先前已知的殖民地地点已被重新定位(超过10公里)。没有发现或消失了六个栖息地，都是来自旧的或未经证实的记录。主要结论我们提出了从太空绘制的帝企鹅的新的泛南极物种分布。在一次概括性调查中，我们找到了现存的帝企鹅群体，这是一种以前由于其独特的繁殖习性而绘制得很差的物种，并为未来对一种被认为容易受到未来气候变化影响的标志性物种的研究提供了重要的地理资源。
AimTo map and assess the breeding distribution of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) using remote sensing.LocationPan-Antarctic.MethodsUsing Landsat ETM satellite images downloaded from the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica (LIMA), we detect faecal staining of ice by emperor penguins associated with their colony locations. Emperor penguins breed on sea ice, and their colonies exist in situ between May and December each year. Faecal staining at these colony locations shows on Landsat imagery as brown patches, the only staining of this colour on sea ice. This staining can therefore be used as an analogue for colony locations. The whole continental coastline has been analysed, and each possible signal has been identified visually and checked by spectral analysis. In areas where LIMA data are unsuitable, freely available Landsat imagery has been supplemented.ResultsWe have identified colony locations of emperor penguins at a total of 38 sites. Of these, 10 are new locations, and six previously known colony locations have been repositioned (by over 10 km) due to poor geographical information in old records. Six colony locations, all from old or unconfirmed records, were not found or have disappeared.Main conclusionsWe present a new pan-Antarctic species distribution of emperor penguins mapped from space. In one synoptic survey we locate extant emperor penguin colonies, a species previously poorly mapped due to its unique breeding habits, and provide a vital geographical resource for future studies of an iconic species believed to be vulnerable to future climate change.