Choice based on exclusion in pigeons
Choice based on exclusion in pigeons
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196558
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Zentall, TR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clement, TS;Zentall, TR
当人类获得了条件性辨别能力，并被给予一个新样本比较选择时，他们通常会拒绝已知与不同样本相关的比较，并默认（或排除）选择另一个比较。在实验1中，我们发现，如果在匹配训练之后，我们替换了两个样本，则采集时间是仅替换其中一个样本的五倍。显然，拒绝其中一个比较的机会促进了另一个样本与剩余比较的联系。在实验2中，我们首先训练鸽子以不同的方式对待两个样本（将样本A与比较1相关联，将样本B与比较2相关联），然后训练它们将其中一个样本与新的比较相关联（例如，样品A与比较3相关联），并将新样品（样品C）与不同的新比较（比较4）相关联。当样品B然后替换样品C时，鸽子显示出选择比较4而不是比较3的显著倾向。因此，当有机会时，鸽子会通过排斥来选择。
When humans acquire a conditional discrimination and are given a novel-sample-comparison choice, they often reject a comparison known to be associated with a different sample and choose the alternative comparison by default (or by exclusion). In Experiment 1, we found that if, following matching training, we replaced both of the samples, acquisition took five times longer than if we replaced only one of the samples. Apparently, the opportunity to reject one of the comparisons facilitated the association of the other sample with the remaining comparison. In Experiment 2, we first trained pigeons to treat two samples differently (to associate Sample A with Comparison 1 and Sample B with Comparison 2) and then trained them to associate one of those samples with a new comparison (e.g., Sample A with Comparison 3) and to associate a novel sample (Sample C) with a different, new comparison (Comparison 4). When Sample B then replaced Sample C, the pigeons showed a significant tendency to choose Comparison 4 over Comparison 3. Thus, when given the opportunity, pigeons will choose by exclusion.