Optimality in translation
Optimality in translation
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翻译的最优性
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Richard Mansell
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文献类型：
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作者：
Richard Mansell
语言学理论和翻译研究有着悠久的历史，虽然有些动荡。即使是现在，在一些机构，翻译研究被放在应用语言学的领域，而在另一些机构，翻译研究被归入文化研究。这也许是现在很少有人会怀疑的一个迹象：翻译现象是多种多样的，可以(也应该)从不同的角度进行研究。本文探讨了对原文和译文进行分析的问题，目的是确定译者在翻译时的策略，并始终将翻译视为一个决策过程。为了做到这一点，它批判地借鉴了语言研究中一个相对较新的理论：最优化理论。对以前的理论和思想的反应是不可避免的，是知识进步的一部分，我们的领域也没有什么不同(有些人说知识，有些人可能说科学，尽管这在翻译中可能是另一个肮脏的词)。与之前以源语为导向的翻译方法不同，以目标为导向、以规范为基础的描述性翻译方法提供了许多见解，强调了翻译在文学系统中的作用。然而，在将规范作为社会约束的时候，这些方法充其量往往忽略了译者作为一个聪明的、思考的存在：文本的创造者。社会约束固然重要，但最终是译者做出选择并创造出最终的翻译结果，无论这些是最终版本还是编辑提交的文本，尽管他们可能是匿名的。这里概述的方法希望有助于了解译者如何达到他们的翻译。该方法以翻译者为起点：活着的、有思想的存在，他们阅读一个文本，然后为不同的地点创造另一个文本。PYM将翻译能力描述为以下能力：·生成一系列一个以上可行术语的能力[...]对于一个
Linguistic theory and Translation Studies have a long, if somewhat turbulent, history. Even now, in some institutions Translation Studies is placed in the field of Applied Linguistics, whereas in others it is subsumed under Cultural Studies. This is perhaps a sign of something that now few would doubt: that the phenomenon of translation, in its many forms, is manifold and can (and should) be approached from a range of angles. This paper approaches the problem of analyzing source and target texts, with the aim of identifying the translator’s strategy when translating, and always considering translation to be a decision-making process. To do this, it draws critically on a relatively new theory in the study of language: Optimality Theory. Precedents of optimality A reaction to preceding theories and ideas is inevitable and is part of the progress of knowledge, and our field is no different (where some say knowledge, some may say science, although that can be another dirty word in translation). Against the source-oriented approaches that preceded them, target-oriented, norm-based descriptive approaches to translation have offered many insights, placing emphasis on the role of translation in a literary system. However, in concentrating on norms as social constraints, these approaches tend at best to ignore the translator as an intelligent, thinking being: the creator of texts. Social constraints are important, but it is ultimately translators, anonymous though they may be, who make the choices and create the translations that result, whether these are final versions or texts that editors will submit to changes. The approach outlined here hopes to contribute to knowledge of how translators arrive at their translations. The approach takes as its starting point translators: living, thinking beings who read one text and create another for a different locale. Pym describes translation competence as the following: • The ability to generate a series of more than one viable term [...] for a