New insights into action-perception coupling
New insights into action-perception coupling
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s00221-008-1667-3
复制
发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Feldman, Anatol G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feldman, Anatol G.
根据一个多世纪以来主导该领域的观点，大脑对肌肉指令进行编程，并使用这些指令的副本[参考副本（EC）]来调整产生的运动动作和持续的感知。这一观点有助于形成动作和知觉的几个经典问题：(1)姿势-运动问题，即如何在不引起由内在肌肉和反射特性引起的姿势稳定机制的阻力的情况下，做出远离稳定姿势的动作；(2)运动感觉的问题，或者为什么我们的肢体位置感觉良好，尽管本体感觉和皮肤信号传递的位置信息不明确；(3)视觉空间恒常性问题或为什么世界被认为是稳定的，而其视网膜图像随着凝视的变化而变化。仔细观察，欧共体理论实际上并没有以一种生理上可行的方式解决这些问题。在这里，这些问题的解决方案是基于平衡点假设的高级公式提出的，该假设表明，行动和感知是在一个共同的空间参考框架中完成的，由大脑从一组可用的框架中选择。实验数据表明，大脑也能够通过修改其主要属性（起源、度量和方向）来翻译或/和旋转选定的参照系，从而实质性地影响行动和感知。由于这种能力，这种框架被称为物理框架，以区别于用于描述系统行为而不影响系统行为的符号或数学框架。实验数据还表明，一旦选择了一个参照系，它的属性就会以前馈的方式被修改，从而使大脑以一种预期和预测的方式行事。这种方法扩展到努力感、动觉错觉、幻肢和幻体现象。它还解决了为什么物体的视网膜图像被感觉为位于外部物理世界的物体，而不是大脑的内部表征的问题。
According to a view that has dominated the field for over a century, the brain programs muscle commands and uses a copy of these commands [efference copy (EC)] to adjust not only resulting motor action but also ongoing perception. This view was helpful in formulating several classical problems of action and perception: (1) the posture-movement problem of how movements away from a stable posture can be made without evoking resistance of posture-stabilizing mechanisms resulting from intrinsic muscle and reflex properties; (2) the problem of kinesthesia or why our sense of limb position is good despite ambiguous positional information delivered by proprioceptive and cutaneous signals; (3) the problem of visual space constancy or why the world is perceived as stable while its retinal image shifts following changes in gaze. On closer inspection, the EC theory actually does not solve these problems in a physiologically feasible way. Here solutions to these problems are proposed based on the advanced formulation of the equilibrium-point hypothesis that suggests that action and perception are accomplished in a common spatial frame of reference selected by the brain from a set of available frames. Experimental data suggest that the brain is also able to translate or/and rotate the selected frame of reference by modifying its major attributes-the origin, metrics and orientation-and thus substantially influence action and perception. Because of this ability, such frames are called physical to distinguish them from symbolic or mathematical frames that are used to describe system behavior without influencing this behavior. Experimental data also imply that once a frame of reference is chosen, its attributes are modified in a feedforward way, thus enabling the brain to act in an anticipatory and predictive manner. This approach is extended to sense of effort, kinesthetic illusions, phantom limb and phantom body phenomena. It also addresses the question of why retinal images of objects are sensed as objects located in the external, physical world, rather than in internal representations of the brain.