Belarus in the Lukashenka Era : National Identity and Relations with Russia
Belarus in the Lukashenka Era : National Identity and Relations with Russia
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卢卡申科时代的白俄罗斯：国家认同以及与俄罗斯的关系
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. A. Rudling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. A. Rudling
在过去十年中，白俄罗斯共和国的政治发展与波兰、乌克兰、拉脱维亚和立陶宛截然不同。当她的邻国走上民主和更大透明度的道路时，白俄罗斯却在走向威权主义。在政治上，白俄罗斯与后苏联中亚共和国的相似之处多于其欧洲邻国。在不到15年的时间里，白俄罗斯从一个新的脆弱的民主国家变成了一个贱民国家，美国称之为“暴政的前哨”，欧盟称之为“欧洲最后的独裁政权”。[1]后共产主义时期白俄罗斯的政治演变可分为三个阶段：独立、自由化和建立民主国家机构（1991-94）;总统与议会的冲突、总统权力的加强和民主机构与独立性的削弱（1994-96）;和一人独裁统治（自1997年以来）。2为什么和如何在白俄罗斯发生这种情况？本文试图在缺乏强烈的民族认同感和公众对国家机构的认同感薄弱的情况下找到一些答案。
The political development in the Republic of Belarus differs sharply from that of Poland, Ukraine, Latvia, and Lithuania during the past decade. While her neighbors have ascended on a path toward democracy and greater transparency, Belarus has been descending into authoritarianism. Politically, Belarus shows more similarities with the republics of post-Soviet Central Asia than with its neighbors in Europe. In fewer than fifteen years, Belarus has gone from being a new and fragile democracy to a pariah state, which the United States refers to as an “outpost of tyranny” and the European Union (EU) calls “the last dictatorship in Europe.”1 Belarus’ political evolution during the post-Communist period can be divided into three phases: independence, liberalization, and establishment of democratic national institutions (1991–94); conflict between president and parliament, strengthening of the presidential powers, and weakening of democratic institutions and independence (1994–96); and one-man authoritarian rule (since 1997).2 Why and how did this happen in Belarus? This article seeks to find some of the answers in the absence of a strong national identity and in the public’s weak identification with the national institutions.