Effects of bank storage and well pumping on base flow, Carmel River, Monterey County, California
Effects of bank storage and well pumping on base flow, Carmel River, Monterey County, California
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河岸蓄水和井抽水对加利福尼亚州蒙特雷县卡梅尔河基流的影响
DOI：
10.1016/0022-1694(87)90211-3
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
J. G. Williams
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Kondolf;L. Maloney;J. G. Williams
河岸蓄水对基流的贡献在具有高渗透性河岸物质的冲积河流上可能很重要，例如加州蒙特雷县的卡梅尔河下游。河岸调蓄的补给阶段发生在洪水期，当河流进入河岸存在水力梯度时。一般而言，在个别洪水的退水边缘，河岸蓄水的排放是最重要的，大多数蓄水通常在2-3个洪水期内排放。随着河流水位继续下降，从河岸到河流的水力梯度将保持不变，储存的水将从河岸排出。在卡梅尔河，季节性衰退的边缘提供了几个月内逐渐下降阶段的条件。在1982年，一个适度潮湿的一年，银行存储的贡献被检测到两个月后的最后一个高峰流量的冬季雨季，在一个至关重要的时期，虹鳟鱼，可能是河岸植被。然而，在1983年，一个非常潮湿的一年，银行存储是不可检测的两个月后，该季节的最后一个高峰流量，可能是因为持续的基流从上游盆地压倒了更短暂的银行存储的贡献。地下水从冲积含水层提取局部降低地下水位，使径流流入银行达到主要的抽水威尔斯。无论卡梅尔河在其冲积河段的整体收益还是损失，这种影响的持久性都是惊人的。抽水率大致相当于整个井场的流量损失。
Bank storage contributions to base flow may be important on alluvial rivers with highly permeable bank materials, such as the lower Carmel River, Monterey County, California. The recharge phase of bank storage occurs during flood stage in the river when a hydraulic gradient exists from the river into the banks. In general, discharge from bank storage is most important on the recession limb of individual floods, with most stored water typically being discharged within 2–3 flood periods. As the river stage continues to fall, a hydraulic gradient from the banks to the river will be maintained and stored water will drain from the banks. On the Carmel River, the seasonal recession limb provides conditions of a gradually declining stage over several months. In 1982, a moderately wet year, bank storage contributions were detected two months after the last peak flow of the winter rainy season, during a period of critical importance to steelhead trout and probably to riparian vegetation. However, in 1983, an extremely wet year, bank storage was undetectable two months after the season's last peak flow, probably because the sustained base flow from the upper basin overwhelmed the more transient bank storage contribution.Groundwater withdrawal from the alluvial aquifer locally lowered the water table so that streamflow was influent to the banks in the reach of major pumping wells. This effect was striking in its persistence, whether the Carmel River was gaining or losing overall in its alluvial reach. Pumping rates were roughly comparable to flow losses across the well field.