Subchronic effects of dietary selenium yeast and selenite on growth performance and the immune and antioxidant systems in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Subchronic effects of dietary selenium yeast and selenite on growth performance and the immune and antioxidant systems in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
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日粮硒酵母和亚硒酸盐对尼罗罗非鱼 Oreochromis niloticus 生长性能以及免疫和抗氧化系统的亚慢性影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.053
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发表时间：
2020-02-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Xie, Lingtian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, Hongxing;Li, Jian;Xie, Lingtian
硒是一种必需元素，但在动物体内高水平时有毒。硒对尼罗罗非鱼的生长性能和免疫系统的影响仍然没有定论。以0、3、6和12 μ g/g（干重）的硒酵母（Se（Y））和亚硒酸盐（Se（IV））为添加剂，对尼罗罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）进行45和90 d的饲养试验。在各种鱼组织（肝、肠、肾、肌肉、脑、脾、鳃）中评价了生长、生物累积、与抗氧化剂、免疫、神经和消化系统有关的生化标志物。结果表明，硒（Y）在大部分组织中的积累量是硒（IV）的1.3 ~ 2倍。添加3 μ g/g的Se（Y）和Se（IV）对罗非鱼的生长均有促进作用，但添加Se（Y）效果优于Se（IV）。45 d后，除12 μ g/g Se（Y）组MT水平升高外，其它处理组的脂质过氧化水平、抗氧化酶活性、免疫相关基因（IL-1 β、IFN-γ和TNF-α）和应激蛋白（HSP 70和MT）转录水平均升高。此外，这两种硒抑制活性的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）在大脑和消化酶α-葡萄糖苷酶（α-Glu）在肠道中在12微克/克。然而，90天后，对大多数生化指标的影响不太明显，这意味着可能的驯化后，持续时间延长。结果表明，硒对O.低浓度的尼罗罗非鱼和高浓度的毒性。长期饲喂富硒饲料，硒的免疫刺激作用可能大大减弱。本研究有助于更好地了解硒对抗氧化和免疫系统的影响，并建立最佳的饲料硒水平和时间。尼罗河。
Selenium is an essential element but toxic at high levels in animals. The effects of Se on growth performance and the immune system in Nile tilapia remain inconclusive. In this study, Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus was fed on selenium yeast (Se(Y))- and selenite (Se(IV))-enriched feed at 0, 3, 6, and 12 mu g/g (dry wt) for 45 and 90 d. The growth, bioaccumulation, biochemical markers related to antioxidant, immunological, nervous and digestive systems were evaluated in various fish tissues (liver, intestine, kidney, muscle, brain, spleen, gills). The results showed that the accumulation of Se(Y) was 1.3-2 folds of Se(IV) in most tissues. The growth of tilapia was enhanced by both Se(Y) and Se(IV) at 3 mu g/g after 90 d, with Se(Y) better than Se(IV) in tilapia feed. After 45 d, the levels of lipid peroxidation, the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, and the transcriptional levels of the immune related genes (IL-1 beta, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) and stress proteins (HSP70 and MT) were enhanced in all treatments, except that of MT in the 12 mu g/g Se(Y) group. In addition, both Se species inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the brain and one digestive enzyme alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Glu) in the intestine at 12 mu g/g. However, after 90 d, the effects on most biochemical markers were less pronounced, implying a possible acclimation after prolonged duration. The results demonstrate Se is beneficial to O. niloticus at low levels and toxic at elevated levels. The immunostimulation by Se might be greatly weakened after long term feeding Se-enriched feed. This study helps to better understand the effects of Se on the antioxidant and immune systems and to establish the optimal Se levels in the feed and duration for O. niloticus.