Transmission blocking vaccines to control insect-borne diseases: a review
Transmission blocking vaccines to control insect-borne diseases: a review
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DOI：
10.1590/s0074-02762010000100001
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Coutinho-Abreu, Iliano V;Ramalho-Ortigao, Marcelo
虫媒疾病是世界范围内造成严重死亡和发病的原因。由于对昆虫病媒种群的控制主要依赖于杀虫剂的使用，杀虫剂抗药性的出现以及杀虫剂使用的意外后果对杀虫剂的继续应用构成了重大挑战。人们尝试了减少疾病媒介传播病原体的新方法，包括传播阻断疫苗（TBVs），这被认为是减少流行地区病原体负担的可行策略。TBV旨在通过靶向在昆虫载体内的病原体发育阶段期间在病原体表面上表达的分子或通过靶向由载体表达的分子来防止病原体从感染的脊椎动物宿主传播到未感染的脊椎动物宿主。对于基于病原体的分子，所选择的大部分TBV候选物以及关于这种方法的有效性的大部分可用数据来自使用疟原虫的研究。然而，也已经从蚊子和白蛉的中肠组织中鉴定出TBV候选物。尽管在潜在应用TBV防治虫媒疾病方面取得了成功，但仍存在许多重大障碍。在这篇综述中，许多的TBV策略对昆虫传播的病原体和它们各自的分支与脊椎动物宿主的免疫反应进行了讨论。
Insect-borne diseases are responsible for severe mortality and morbidity worldwide. As control of insect vector populations relies primarily on the use of insecticides, the emergence of insecticide resistance as well to unintended consequences of insecticide use pose significant challenges to their continued application. Novel approaches to reduce pathogen transmission by disease vectors are been attempted, including transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) thought to be a feasible strategy to reduce pathogen burden in endemic areas. TBVs aim at preventing the transmission of pathogens from infected to uninfected vertebrate host by targeting molecule(s) expressed on the surface of pathogens during their developmental phase within the insect vector or by targeting molecules expressed by the vectors. For pathogen-based molecules, the majority of the TBV candidates selected as well as most of the data available regarding the effectiveness of this approach come from studies using malaria parasites. However, TBV candidates also have been identified from midgut tissues of mosquitoes and sand flies. In spite of the successes achieved in the potential application of TBVs against insect-borne diseases, many significant barriers remain. In this review, many of the TBV strategies against insect-borne pathogens and their respective ramification with regards to the immune response of the vertebrate host are discussed.