Pattern of individual participation and cheating in conflicts between groups of free-ranging dogs
Pattern of individual participation and cheating in conflicts between groups of free-ranging dogs
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.01.016
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发表时间：
2010-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Natoli, Eugenia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonanni, Roberto;Valsecchi, Paola;Natoli, Eugenia
群体间的合作攻击提供了一个代价高昂的合作行为的例子，这种行为的好处也会溢出到不合作的动物身上。因此，调查促进个人参与群体间竞赛的因素应该有助于了解动物社会中尽管存在作弊行为，但合作如何持续。在这里，我们研究了影响个体参与自然发生的冲突组之间的自由放养的狗，犬狼疮familiaris的变量。合作小组成员的总体比例随着小组成员人数的增加而显著下降。在一个包，积极参与的个人概率显着下降时，这个包有一个数量优势的对手。狗属于最小的包往往比那些属于较大的群体更合作。社会声望（以问候期间收到的提交数量来衡量）似乎不是合作行为的结果。随着附属伙伴数目的增加，个人的参与也增加了。年轻和高等级的狗往往合作时，他们的群体被对手数量超过，但不留在前面的包在冲突中。这些结果强调了在较大的群体中作弊的机会更大，以及狗的行为的复杂性。合作似乎是有条件的“逆境的环境”（以相对群体大小衡量）和同伴的身份/行为。(C)2010年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Cooperative intergroup aggression provides an example of a costly cooperative behaviour whose benefits spill over to noncooperative animals as well. Consequently, investigating factors that promote individual participation in intergroup contests should prove useful for understanding how cooperation may persist in animal societies despite cheating. Here, we examined variables affecting individual participation in naturally occurring conflicts between groups of free-ranging dogs, Canis lupus familiaris. The overall proportion of cooperating group members decreased significantly with an increasing number of group members present. In one pack, the individual probability of active participation decreased significantly when this pack had a numerical advantage over opponents. Dogs belonging to the smallest pack tended to be more cooperative than those belonging to larger groups. Social prestige ( measured as the number of submissions received during greeting) did not appear to be a consequence of cooperative behaviour. Individual participation increased with an increasing number of affiliative partners. Young and high-ranking dogs tended to cooperate more when their group was outnumbered by opponents but did not stay at the front of the pack during conflicts. These results emphasize the greater opportunity for cheating in larger groups and the complexity of dogs' behaviour. Cooperation appears to be conditional on both the 'adversity of the environment' (as measured by relative group size) and the identity/behaviour of companions. (C) 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.