Patterns of respiratory illness in Sheffield infant schoolchildren.
Patterns of respiratory illness in Sheffield infant schoolchildren.
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谢菲尔德学童的呼吸道疾病模式。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1967
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Handyside
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Lunn;J. Knowelden;A. Handyside
越来越多的证据表明，大气污染是导致呼吸道疾病的一个重要因素。不幸的是，关于污染对成年人影响的研究往往因吸烟习惯、职业变化、住址变化以及多年来污染水平的变化而变得复杂（Holland和Reid，1965; Zeidberg、Prindle和朗道，1964）。这些复杂因素中的一些可以通过仔细选择研究对象来消除。费尔贝恩和里德（Fairbairn and Reid，1958）对邮递员进行了抽样调查，发现导致永久性残疾和死亡的严重支气管炎与雾的频率有关，而且可能与空气污染程度有关。他们的数据不允许他们评估吸烟习惯的相关性。Rosenbaum（1961）对一个国民服役人员的样本进行了研究，能够将呼吸道疾病的发病率与他们在被征召前的家乡联系起来。他认为，造成这种情况的最可能因素是来自该国工业地区的人抵抗力较低，以及休假时感染。道格拉斯和沃勒（Waller，1966年）最近对儿童进行的一项研究表明，空气污染与男孩和女孩的下呼吸道感染有直接关系。没有发现上呼吸道感染与空气污染之间的联系。富山和Tomono（1961年）对10岁和11岁的学龄儿童进行的早期研究表明，生活在高度污染的工业区的一组儿童的峰值流速和F. E. V. 0明显较低，5（半秒用力呼气量）测量值比生活在未受污染的农村地区的组; F.V.C.（用力肺活量）测量未受到显著影响。本研究的主要目的是比较居住在城市不同大气污染水平地区的谢菲尔德儿童的呼吸道疾病。人们认为，最好以肺呼吸测量的形式纳入客观数据，并通过使用非常年轻的年龄组来消除尽可能多的复杂因素。
An increasing volume of evidence points to atmospheric pollution as an important factor in the causation of respiratory illnesses. Unfortunately studies of the effects of pollution on adults tend to be complicated by smoking habits, changes of occupation, changes of address, and changes in pollution levels over a period of years (Holland and Reid, 1965; Zeidberg, Prindle, and Landau, 1964). Some of these complicating factors may be eliminated by careful selection of the subjects for study. Fairbairn and Reid (1958), working with a sample of postmen, found that severe bronchitis causing permanent disablement and death was related to the frequency of fog, and, presumably, to the level of air pollution. Their data did not permit them to assess the relevance of smoking habits. Rosenbaum (1961), working with a sample of national service men, was able to correlate the incidence of respiratory disease with their home locality before call-up. He suggested that the most likely factors in the situation were a lower resistance in those from industrial areas of the country and the acquisition of infection on leave. A recent study on children by Douglas and Waller (1966) indicated a direct relationship between air pollution and lower respiratory tract infections in both boys and girls. No association was found between upper respiratory tract infections and air pollution. An earlier study by Toyama and Tomono (1961) on 10 and 11-year-old schoolchildren indicated that a group living in a highly-polluted industrial area had significantly lower peak flow rates and F.E.V. 0.,5 (forced expiratory volume in half a second) measurements than a group living in an unpolluted rural area; F.V.C. (forced vital capacity) measurements were not significantly affected. The main purpose of the present study was to 7 compare respiratory illnesses amongst Sheffield children living in areas of the city with different atmospheric pollution levels. It was considered desirable to include objective data in the form of pulmonary ventilatory measurements and to eliminate as many complicating factors as possible by using a very young age group.