Interplay between chemistry and morphology in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)
Interplay between chemistry and morphology in medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.11.039
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Koch, Sraya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein, Nirit;Gorelick, Jonathan;Koch, Sraya
尽管大麻的使用历史悠久，但由于法律限制，植物的化学和生理状态尚未得到充分解决。在大麻中发现了数百种具有治疗潜力的次级代谢物。如此庞大的数量，再加上对提供给患者的植物材料的化学成分进行标准化的需要，表明需要了解形态和化学之间的相互关系。本研究调查了化学剖面（大麻素和离子素）和植物体内位置之间的相互作用。我们研究了位置和器官特异性对大麻素的化学特征、离子和生理性状的影响。许多重要的形态相关的化学趋势被确定，这证明了植物内的化学型调节变化：大麻素谱随着植物位置的变化而变化，表明几乎每一种大麻素在不同高度之间都有显著的变化。大多数大麻素（包括THC、CBD、CBG、CBC、THCV）的含量随着植株高度的增加而显著增加，无论是在花中还是在花序叶片中。大麻素在花序叶子中的浓度相当高，四氢大麻酚和CBD的浓度约为花中的一半。扇叶中的浓度约为花中浓度的十分之一。许多大麻素，包括CBC和CBG，在花序叶子中的含量与花中的含量相等或更高。植物各器官间的矿物质营养分配表现出典型的植物吸收和转运。扇叶中氮、磷、钾的浓度较花序叶低，而钙的浓度较高，这是韧皮部在植物内转运能力的结果，支持了扇叶比花序叶年龄大的生理学发现。次生代谢物的巨大空间梯度表明了器官和位置特异性的积累调节。这种植物内化学型调节的可变性需要标准化，以发展大麻作为现代医学的治疗作物。
Despite the long history of cannabis use, the chemical and physiological state of the plants have not sufficiently been addressed due to legal restrictions. Hundreds of secondary metabolites of therapeutic potential were identified in cannabis. This large number, together with the need to standardize chemical composition of the plant material supplied to patients dictates a need to understand interrelations between morphology and chemistry. The present study investigated the interplay between chemical profiles (of cannabinoids and the ionome) and locales in the plant body. We studied location and organ-specific effects on chemical profiles of cannabinoids, the ionome and physiological traits. A number of important morphological-related chemical trends were identified, which demonstrate in-planta variation in regulation of the chemotype: The cannabinoid profile changes with location along the plant demonstrating significant variation among differing heights for almost every cannabinoid studied. The content of most cannabinoids (including THC, CBD, CBG, CBC, THCV) substantially increased with plant height, both in the flowers and the inflorescence leaves. The concentration of cannabinoids in the inflorescence leaves is considerable and for THC and CBD reached about half of that found in flowers. Concentration in fan leaves is about 1/10 the concentration found in flowers. A number of cannabinoids, including CBC and CBG, were present in the inflorescence leaves at equal or greater levels than in the flowers. The partitioning of mineral nutrients between plant organs demonstrate typical uptake and translocation in the plant. The lower concentrations of N, P, K and higher concentration of Ca in fan-leaves compared with inflorescence-leaves, a result of in-planta translocation abilities in the phloem, supports the physiological findings that the fan leaves are older than the inflorescence leaves. The substantial spatial gradients in secondary-metabolites demonstrate organ and location-specific regulation of accumulation. This in-planta variability in regulation of the chemotype requires standardization for the development of Cannabis as a therapeutic crop for modern medicine.