Halophytes: Potential Resources for Salt Stress Tolerance Genes and Promoters.
Halophytes: Potential Resources for Salt Stress Tolerance Genes and Promoters.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpls.2017.00829
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Tanna B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mishra A;Tanna B
盐生植物已证明其在极端盐分条件下繁衍生息的能力，因此被认为是盐分农业的最佳种质之一。盐渍化是一个世界性问题，由于降雨稀少、灌溉系统落后、盐分侵入、水体污染等环境因素，受盐影响的地区日益增多。盐度胁迫耐受机制是一个非常复杂的现象，一些途径相互协调联动来赋予盐度耐受性。尽管已经报道了盐生植物中的许多盐响应基因，但人们始终在寻找能够根据盐胁迫调节植物生理的有希望的胁迫响应基因。盐生植物如 Aeluropus、Mesembryanthemum、碱蓬、Atriplex、Thellungiella、Cakile 和 Salicornia 是盐响应基因和启动子的潜在候选者。从盐生植物中分离出一些已知的基因，如逆向转运蛋白（NHX、SOS、HKT、VTPase）、离子通道（Cl−、Ca2+、水通道蛋白）、抗氧化剂编码基因（APX、CAT、GST、BADH、SOD）和一些新基因，如USP、SDR1、SRP等，并探索其在作物（糖植物）中发展抗逆性的作用。有证据表明，压力会触发盐传感器，从而导致应激耐受机制的激活，该机制涉及多种信号蛋白、多个基因的上调或下调，以及最终应激反应基因的独特或集体效应。在这篇综述中，盐生植物被讨论为盐响应基因的绝佳平台，可用于通过基因工程开发作物的耐盐性。
Halophytes have demonstrated their capability to thrive under extremely saline conditions and thus considered as one of the best germplasm for saline agriculture. Salinity is a worldwide problem, and the salt-affected areas are increasing day-by-day because of scanty rainfall, poor irrigation system, salt ingression, water contamination, and other environmental factors. The salinity stress tolerance mechanism is a very complex phenomenon, and some pathways are coordinately linked for imparting salinity tolerance. Though a number of salt responsive genes have been reported from the halophytes, there is always a quest for promising stress-responsive genes that can modulate plant physiology according to the salt stress. Halophytes such as Aeluropus, Mesembryanthemum, Suaeda, Atriplex, Thellungiella, Cakile, and Salicornia serve as a potential candidate for the salt-responsive genes and promoters. Several known genes like antiporters (NHX, SOS, HKT, VTPase), ion channels (Cl−, Ca2+, aquaporins), antioxidant encoding genes (APX, CAT, GST, BADH, SOD) and some novel genes such as USP, SDR1, SRP etc. were isolated from halophytes and explored for developing stress tolerance in the crop plants (glycophytes). It is evidenced that stress triggers salt sensors that lead to the activation of stress tolerance mechanisms which involve multiple signaling proteins, up- or down-regulation of several genes, and finally the distinctive or collective effects of stress-responsive genes. In this review, halophytes are discussed as an excellent platform for salt responsive genes which can be utilized for developing salinity tolerance in crop plants through genetic engineering.