Synchytrium solstitiale: reclassification based on the function and role of resting spores
Synchytrium solstitiale: reclassification based on the function and role of resting spores
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DOI：
10.3852/10-286
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Widmer, Timothy L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bruckart, William L., III;Eskandari, Farivar N.;Widmer, Timothy L.
对引起黄花菜假锈病的壶菌Synchytriumsolstitiale的休眠孢子进行了研究。在评价该真菌对YST的生物防治期间，开发了休眠孢子萌发的方案。详细记录了休眠孢子萌发和真菌长期存活的研究。从干叶上取下的休眠孢子在110-15 ℃的水琼脂上孵育至少7天后萌发。休眠孢子在室温下风干叶片中储存超过2年后仍能存活，表明它们在真菌的淡季和长期存活中发挥作用。每个休眠孢子产生一个孢子囊群，孢子囊群包含一个孢子囊，孢子囊在萌发时通过气孔释放游动孢子。用萌发的休眠孢子接种YST，产生了典型的假锈病症状。所有孢子形态的S. solstitiale的生活史具有一定的功能性。solstitiale是在受控的实验室和温室条件下完成的。休眠的孢子瘿在形态和生物学上都不同于孢子囊瘿，相比之下，每个孢子囊瘿分裂成几个土粒，每个孢子囊群产生5-25个孢子囊，这些孢子囊在游动孢子释放期间破裂。因此，S。solstitiale应该被重新归类为diheterogallic sensu卡林（Am J Bot 42：540-545）。由于休眠孢子具有原孢子囊的功能，并产生一个外部孢子囊，因此S.夏至最好归入外合壶菌亚属。
Studies were made about resting spores of Synchytrium solstitiale, a chytrid that causes false rust disease of yellow starthistle (YST). During evaluation of this fungus for biological control of YST, a protocol for resting spore germination was developed. Details of resting spore germination and study of long-term survival of the fungus were documented. Resting spores from dried leaves germinated after incubating them on water agar at least 7 d at 110-15 C. Resting spores were viable after storage in air-dried leaves more than 2 y at room temperature, suggesting they have a role in off-season and long-term survival of the fungus. Each resting spore produced a single sorus that contained a single sporangium, which on germination released zoospores through a pore. YST inoculated with germinated resting spores developed symptoms typical of false rust disease. All spore forms of S. solstitiale have been found to be functional, and the life cycle of S. solstitiale has been completed under controlled laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Resting spore galls differ from sporangial galls both morphologically and biologically, and in comparison, each sporangial gall cleaves into several soli and each sorus produces 5-25 sporangia that rupture during release of zoospores. For this reason S. solstitiale should be reclassified as diheterogallic sensu Karling (Am J Bot 42:540-545). Because resting spores function as prosori and produce an external sorus, S. solstitiale is best placed in into the subgenus Exosynchytrium.