Influence of cattle wastes on nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in pasture land
Influence of cattle wastes on nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in pasture land
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DOI：
10.2134/jeq1996.00472425002500060028x
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Bouwman, AF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flessa, H;Dorsch, P;Bouwman, AF
农业实践被认为对过去几十年观测到的大气N2O浓度的增加做出了重大贡献，它们可能影响大气CH4的消耗。我们报告了牧场土壤N2O和CH4交换的测量，作为放牧牛（BOS taurus）牛群粪便的影响。牧场土壤中氧化亚氮和甲烷的通量主要由牛粪便的排放率决定，粪块是CH4产生的热点，而尿影响区则表现出极高的N2O释放率。与瘤胃的甲烷排放量相比，粪块的甲烷排放量（0.778 g CH4-C）微不足道。粪便中N2O-N的总损失相当于排出氮的3.2%。基于全球奶牛、非奶牛、水牛（Syncerus caffer）和野牛放牧过程中氮排放总量的数据，我们估计放牧过程中全球N2O排放总量约为1.18万亿克/年，表明放牧牛排泄物是大气氧化亚氮的重要来源之一。我们的研究表明，这些来源被大大低估了。
Agricultural practices are assumed to contribute significantly to the increase in atmospheric N2O concentrations observed in the last decades, and they might influence the consumption of atmospheric CH4. We report on measurements of N2O and CH4 exchange of a pasture soil, as influenced by droppings of a grazing cattle (BOS taurus) herd. Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in pasture soil were largely determined by the emission rates From cattle excrement with dung patches being hot spots of CH4 production and urine-affected areas showing extremely high N2O release rates. Methane emissions from dung patches (0.778 g CH4-C per animal and day) were insignificant when compared with those from the rumen of the cattle. Total N2O-N losses from the droppings were equivalent to 3.2% of the nitrogen excreted. Based on global data of total nitrogen excretion by dairy cattle, non-dairy cattle, buffalo (Syncerus caffer), and bison during grazing, we estimate the global N2O emission from this source to be similar to 1.18 teragrams N2O-N per year, indicating that grazing cattle excretory products are one of the most important sources of atmospheric nitrous oxide. Our work suggests that these sources have been drastically underestimated.