Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality
Soil health and sustainability: managing the biotic component of soil quality
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DOI：
10.1016/s0929-1393(00)00067-6
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发表时间：
2000-08-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Zeiss, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Doran, JW;Zeiss, MR
土壤健康是指土壤在生态系统和土地利用范围内作为重要生命系统发挥作用的能力，以维持动植物生产力、维持或提高水和空气质量以及促进动植物健康。土壤健康和土壤质量各个组成部分的人为减少是一个紧迫的生态问题。 1998年11月在美国召开了一次题为“土壤健康：管理土壤质量的生物成分”的会议，以帮助提高人们对土壤生物作为土壤质量指标和土壤健康决定因素的重要性和实用性的认识。为了评估农业实践的可持续性，需要使用各种土壤质量指标来评估土壤健康。土壤有机体和生物参数（例如丰度、多样性、食物网结构或群落稳定性）满足土壤质量有用指标的五个标准中的大部分。土壤生物对土地管理实践和气候反应敏感。它们与有益的土壤和生态系统功能密切相关，包括储水、分解和养分循环、毒物解毒以及抑制有毒和病原生物。土壤生物还说明了将土地管理决策与植物和动物的最终生产力和健康联系起来的因果链。土地管理者是土壤质量和土壤健康的最终管理者，指标必须易于理解且有用。蚯蚓、昆虫和霉菌等可见生物在历史上都符合这一标准。最后，指标必须易于测量且成本低廉，但对分类学知识的需求使土壤生物的测量变得复杂。一些农民参与的土壤质量和健康管理计划纳入了非生物和简单的生物指标。未来的挑战是开发可持续管理系统，这是土壤健康的先锋；土壤质量指标只是实现这一目标的一种手段。由 Elsevier Science B.V. 出版
Soil health is the capacity of soil to function as a vital living system, within ecosystem and land-use boundaries, to sustain plant and animal productivity, maintain or enhance water and air quality, and promote plant and animal health. Anthropogenic reductions in soil health, and of individual components of soil quality, are a pressing ecological concern. A conference entitled 'Soil Health: Managing the Biological Component of Soil Quality' was held was held in the USA in November 1998 to help increase awareness of the importance and utility of soil organisms as indicators of soil quality and determinants of soil health. To evaluate sustainability of agricultural practices, assessment of soil health using various indicators of soil quality is needed. Soil organism and biotic parameters (e.g, abundance, diversity, food web structure, or community stability) meet most of the five criteria for useful indicators of soil quality. Soil organisms respond sensitively to land management practices and climate. They are well correlated with beneficial soil and ecosystem functions including water storage, decomposition and nutrient cycling, detoxification of toxicants, and suppression of noxious and pathogenic organisms. Soil organisms also illustrate the chain of cause and effect that links land management decisions to ultimate productivity and health of plants and animals. Indicators must be comprehensible and useful to land managers, who are the ultimate stewards of soil quality and soil health. Visible organisms such as earthworms, insects, and molds have historically met this criterion. Finally, indicators must be easy and inexpensive to measure, but the need for knowledge of taxonomy complicates the measurement of soil organisms. Several farmer-participatory programs for managing soil quality and health have incorporated abiotic and simple biotic indicators. The challenge for the future is to develop sustainable management systems which are the vanguard of soil health; soil quality indicators are merely a means towards this end. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.