Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication.
Exosomal lncRNAs as new players in cell-to-cell communication.
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DOI：
10.21037/tcr.2017.10.46
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Calin GA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dragomir M;Chen B;Calin GA
肿瘤细胞使用各种细胞间通讯机制，以适应局部微环境，操纵免疫系统，并促进转移。外泌体释放是细胞间通讯的一种新机制。这些纳米囊泡包封各种类型的分子，包括脂质、蛋白质、DNA、信使RNA（mRNA）和非编码RNA [微小RNA和长非编码RNA（lncRNA）]。lncRNA是超过200 nt长的转录物，其不表现出编码潜力，但却是生理过程的关键调节剂，并且在癌症中被解除调节。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论外泌体lncRNA在癌症中的作用，这是一个新兴的研究领域，可以为细胞间通讯的广阔领域带来新的见解。外泌体lncRNA似乎是任何类型癌症的有希望的生物标志物。外泌体lncRNA的确切作用尚未完全揭示。几项研究表明，癌症来源的外泌体lncRNA是功能性的，并且可以将不同的表型模式传递给邻近细胞，如耐药性和增加的血管生成。我们进一步讨论了外泌体lncRNA的机制功能，并假设拥挤的外泌体内容物可以是RNA物种串扰的合适场所。最后，我们假设lncRNA可能是miRNA、mRNA和其他复杂分子进入外泌体的装载载体，但需要未来的研究来证实这些假设。
Neoplastic cells use various intercellular communication mechanisms in order to adapt to the local microenvironment, manipulate the immune system, and facilitate metastasis. Exosomes release is a new mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. These nanovesicles enclose various types of molecules including lipids, proteins, DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs [microRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)]. lncRNAs are over 200 nt long transcripts, that exhibit no coding potential, but are crucial regulators of physiological processes and are deregulated in cancer. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer, which is an incipient research field that could bring new insights to the vast domain of intercellular communication. Exosomal lncRNAs seem to be promising biomarkers for any type of cancer. The exact role of exosomal lncRNAs is not fully revealed. Several studies show that cancer derived exosomal lncRNAs are functional and can transmit to neighboring cells different phenotypic patterns, like drug resistance and increased angiogenesis. We further discuss the mechanistic function of exosomal lncRNAs, and hypothesize that the crowded exosomal content can be a suitable place of RNA species crosstalk. Finally, we assume that lncRNAs could be a loading vehicle for miRNAs, mRNAs and other complex molecules into the exosome but future studies are required to confirm these hypotheses.