Eryptosis: An Erythrocyte's Suicidal Type of Cell Death.
Eryptosis: An Erythrocyte's Suicidal Type of Cell Death.
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DOI：
10.1155/2018/9405617
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Joubert AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Repsold L;Joubert AM
红细胞在氧气和二氧化碳的运输中起着重要的作用。虽然红细胞没有细胞核或线粒体，但它们完成几种代谢活动，即Embden-Meyerhof途径以及己糖单磷酸分流。红细胞内的代谢过程有助于细胞的形态/形状，并且重要成分保持在活性的还原形式。红细胞经历一种称为红细胞凋亡的自杀性细胞死亡。骨质疏松症是由多种因素引起的，包括高渗、氧化应激和暴露于外源性物质。在红细胞有机会在其120天的寿命后从循环中自然去除之前发生红细胞胞吞，其特征在于存在膜起泡、细胞收缩和磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露，这些对应于有核细胞凋亡特征。在细胞凋亡被触发后，细胞溶质钙（Ca 2+）离子水平增加。这种增加引起Ca 2+敏感性钾（K+）通道的激活，导致细胞内氯化钾（KCl）减少和红细胞收缩。神经酰胺由鞘磷脂酶从细胞膜的鞘磷脂中产生，有助于红细胞下垂的发生。红细胞减少确保了循环中健康的红细胞数量，而过度的红细胞减少可能为临床上出现包括贫血在内的病理生理状况创造了环境。
Erythrocytes play an important role in oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. Although erythrocytes possess no nucleus or mitochondria, they fulfil several metabolic activities namely, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway, as well as the hexose monophosphate shunt. Metabolic processes within the erythrocyte contribute to the morphology/shape of the cell and important constituents are being kept in an active, reduced form. Erythrocytes undergo a form of suicidal cell death called eryptosis. Eryptosis results from a wide variety of contributors including hyperosmolarity, oxidative stress, and exposure to xenobiotics. Eryptosis occurs before the erythrocyte has had a chance to be naturally removed from the circulation after its 120-day lifespan and is characterised by the presence of membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, and phosphatidylserine exposure that correspond to nucleated cell apoptotic characteristics. After eryptosis is triggered there is an increase in cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) ion levels. This increase causes activation of Ca2+-sensitive potassium (K+) channels which leads to a decrease in intracellular potassium chloride (KCl) and shrinkage of the erythrocyte. Ceramide, produced by sphingomyelinase from the cell membrane's sphingomyelin, contributes to the occurrence of eryptosis. Eryptosis ensures healthy erythrocyte quantity in circulation whereas excessive eryptosis may set an environment for the clinical presence of pathophysiological conditions including anaemia.
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影响因子：
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作者：
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