Object Familiarity Enhances Infants' Use of Phonetic Detail in Novel Words
Object Familiarity Enhances Infants' Use of Phonetic Detail in Novel Words
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1532-7078.2011.00080.x
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Fennell, Christopher T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fennell, Christopher T.
婴儿在 12 个月大时辨别语言声音的能力已大大提高，但 14 个月大的婴儿似乎会混淆发音相似的新单词。有两种解释可以解释这种现象：婴儿最初的音素表征不完整，表明发育不连续；或单词学习需求干扰了已建立的语音细节的使用。这些假设在 14 个月时进行了测试，将一个新词与一个预先暴露给一半婴儿的物体配对，并为另一半婴儿将新奇单词与预先暴露的物体配对。如果需求很关键，那么只有预先接触过的婴儿才能有效地使用语音细节；不需要同时学习单词和物体的细节。如果表征缺乏细节，物体的熟悉程度就不重要了。只有预先接触该物体的婴儿才会注意到其标签的变化，从而挑战不连续性位置并证明物体熟悉度对早期单词学习的影响。
Infants greatly refine their ability to discriminate language sounds by 12 months, yet 14-month-olds appear to confuse similar-sounding novel words. Two explanations could account for this phenomenon: infants initially have incomplete phoneme representations, suggesting developmental discontinuity; or word-learning demands interfere with use of established phonetic detail. These hypotheses were tested at 14 months by pairing a novel word with an object preexposed to half the infants and novel to the other half. If demands are key, only preexposed infants should efficiently use phonetic detail; there is no need to concurrently learn object details with the word. If representations lack detail, object familiarity should not matter. Only infants preexposed to the object noticed a change in its label, thus challenging the discontinuity position and demonstrating the impact of object familiarity on early word learning.