A global inventory of photovoltaic solar energy generating units
A global inventory of photovoltaic solar energy generating units
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-021-03957-7
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发表时间：
2021-10-28
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Hepburn, C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kruitwagen, L.;Story, K. T.;Hepburn, C.
通过将遥感图像与机器学习相结合，全球公用事业规模的太阳能光伏发电设备清单已经确定了68，661个设施-比以前可用的资产级数据增加了400%以上-其中大多数位于农田。自2009年以来，光伏（PV）太阳能发电能力每年增长41%（1）。减缓气候变化和帮助普及能源的能源系统预测显示，到2040年，光伏太阳能发电能力将增加近十倍（2，3）。需要描述能源系统的地理空间数据来管理发电不稳定性，减轻气候变化风险，并确定光伏部署所需的土地使用和土地覆盖变化引起的生物多样性，保护和土地保护优先事项的权衡。目前可用的太阳能发电能力库存不能完全满足这些需求（1-9）。在这里，我们通过使用遥感图像、机器学习和大型云计算基础设施的纵向语料库，提供了商业、工业和公用事业规模的光伏装置（即超过10千瓦装机容量的光伏发电站）的全球库存。我们找到并核实了68 661个设施，比以前提供的资产一级数据增加了432%（设施数目）。借助手工标记的测试装置，我们估计到2018年底全球装机容量为423吉瓦（-75/+77吉瓦）。通过对设施安装日期、历史土地覆被分类和与脆弱地区的接近程度的估计，我们的数据集得到了丰富，这使我们能够表明，大多数光伏太阳能设施都位于农田，其次是干旱地区和草地。我们的库存可以帮助光伏交付符合可持续发展目标。
A global inventory of utility-scale solar photovoltaic generating units, produced by combining remote sensing imagery with machine learning, has identified 68,661 facilities - an increase of over 400% on previously available asset-level data - the majority of which were sited on cropland.Photovoltaic (PV) solar energy generating capacity has grown by 41 per cent per year since 2009(1). Energy system projections that mitigate climate change and aid universal energy access show a nearly ten-fold increase in PV solar energy generating capacity by 2040(2,3). Geospatial data describing the energy system are required to manage generation intermittency, mitigate climate change risks, and identify trade-offs with biodiversity, conservation and land protection priorities caused by the land-use and land-cover change necessary for PV deployment. Currently available inventories of solar generating capacity cannot fully address these needs(1-9). Here we provide a global inventory of commercial-, industrial- and utility-scale PV installations (that is, PV generating stations in excess of 10 kilowatts nameplate capacity) by using a longitudinal corpus of remote sensing imagery, machine learning and a large cloud computation infrastructure. We locate and verify 68,661 facilities, an increase of 432 per cent (in number of facilities) on previously available asset-level data. With the help of a hand-labelled test set, we estimate global installed generating capacity to be 423 gigawatts (-75/+77 gigawatts) at the end of 2018. Enrichment of our dataset with estimates of facility installation date, historic land-cover classification and proximity to vulnerable areas allows us to show that most of the PV solar energy facilities are sited on cropland, followed by aridlands and grassland. Our inventory could aid PV delivery aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals.