Eye tracking uncovered great apes' ability to anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs.
Eye tracking uncovered great apes' ability to anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs.
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DOI：
10.1080/19420889.2017.1299836
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Call J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kano F;Krupenye C;Hirata S;Call J
最近，我们使用一种新颖的眼动追踪测试表明，类人猿会预测其他个体会根据错误的信念行事。这一发现表明，与人类一样，类人猿也能理解他人的错误信念，至少是以一种隐含的方式。我们的研究提出的一个关键问题是，为什么猿类通过了我们的测试，而不是以前的测试。在这篇文章中，我们通过详细介绍我们的任务的发展来考虑这个问题。我们认为我们的任务与以前的任务相比有三个主要的不同之处。首先，我们监测了猿类的眼球运动，特别是它们的预期表情，以衡量它们对代理人行为的预测。其次，我们从最初为人类婴儿开发的预期性错误信念测试中调整了我们的设计。第三，我们开发了新的测试场景，专门用来吸引猿类参与者的注意力。然后，我们讨论了每一个差异可能有助于解释我们的任务和以前的表现的差异，最后提出了一些未来的研究方向。
Using a novel eye-tracking test, we recently showed that great apes anticipate that other individuals will act according to false beliefs. This finding suggests that, like humans, great apes understand others' false beliefs, at least in an implicit way. One key question raised by our study is why apes have passed our tests but not previous ones. In this article, we consider this question by detailing the development of our task. We considered 3 major differences in our task compared with the previous ones. First, we monitored apes' eye movements, and specifically their anticipatory looks, to measure their predictions about how agents will behave. Second, we adapted our design from an anticipatory-looking false belief test originally developed for human infants. Third, we developed novel test scenarios that were specifically designed to capture the attention of our ape participants. We then discuss how each difference may help explain differences in performance on our task and previous ones, and finally propose some directions for future studies.