What shapes fitness costs of reproduction in long-lived iteroparous species? A case study on the Alpine ibex
What shapes fitness costs of reproduction in long-lived iteroparous species? A case study on the Alpine ibex
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DOI：
10.1890/15-0014.1
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Besnard, Aurelien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Garnier, Alexandre;Gaillard, Jean-Michel;Besnard, Aurelien
繁殖的适应性成本可能会被个体差异所掩盖，并且只有在不利的环境条件下才会变得明显。然而，个体差异通常通过繁殖成功率来评估，因此环境背景和整体个体差异之间的相互作用如何影响健康成本需要进一步研究。在这里，我们根据对高山北山羊个体（Capra ibex）在种群受到严重疾病爆发（肺炎）影响期间进行的 15 年监测，评估了繁殖的适应性成本。我们使用一种新颖的多事件捕获-标记-再捕获（CMR）建模方法来量化适应成本，该方法考虑了繁殖状态的不确定性，以估计雌性北山羊的生存和繁殖成功率，同时还使用混合模型考虑了总体个体异质性。我们的研究结果表明，雌性的繁殖能力存在高度异质性。特别是，包含 76% 女性的一组女性每年生育的概率（在 0.66 到 0.77 之间，取决于之前的生育状况）比第二组女性（占 24% 的女性，每年生育概率在 0 到 0.05 之间）高得多。就未来的繁殖而言，繁殖成本较低，并且与肺炎爆发无关。在动物流行之前或之后，没有繁殖的生存成本，但在动物流行期间成本很高。我们的研究结果表明，不利的环境条件，例如疾病爆发，可能会导致长寿物种的繁殖生存成本，并选择不具有高繁殖努力的雌性。因此，不利条件的发生增加了种群内繁殖策略的多样性。
The fitness costs of reproduction can be masked by individual differences, and may only become apparent during adverse environmental conditions. Individual differences, however, are usually assessed by reproductive success, so how fitness costs are influenced by the interplay between the environmental context and overall individual differences requires further investigation. Here, we evaluated fitness costs of reproduction based on 15yr of monitoring of individual Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) during a period when the population was affected by a severe disease outbreak (pneumonia). We quantified fitness costs using a novel multi-event capture-mark-recapture (CMR) modeling approach that accounted for uncertainty in reproductive status to estimate the survival and reproductive success of female ibex while also accounting for overall individual heterogeneity using mixture models. Our results show that the ability of females to reproduce was highly heterogeneous. In particular, one group including 76% of females had a much higher probability of giving birth annually (between 0.66 and 0.77, depending on the previous reproductive status) than females of the second group (24% of females, between 0 and 0.05 probability of giving birth annually). Low reproductive costs in terms of future reproduction occurred and were independent of the pneumonia outbreak. There was no survival cost of reproduction either before or after the epizootic, but the cost was high during the epizootic. Our findings indicate that adverse environmental conditions, such as disease outbreaks, may lead to survival costs of reproduction in long-lived species and select against females that have a high reproductive effort. Thereby, the occurrence of adverse conditions increases the diversity of reproductive tactics within a population.