Synthetic Cooling Agents in US-marketed E-cigarette Refill Liquids and Popular Disposable E-cigarettes: Chemical Analysis and Risk Assessment
Synthetic Cooling Agents in US-marketed E-cigarette Refill Liquids and Popular Disposable E-cigarettes: Chemical Analysis and Risk Assessment
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntac046
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发表时间：
2022-02-15
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Jordt, Sven-Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jabba, Sairam, V;Erythropel, Hanno C.;Jordt, Sven-Eric
薄荷，通过其凉爽和令人愉快的感官效果，促进吸烟和烟草产品的开始，导致薄荷/薄荷味电子烟的高度流行。最近，电子烟供应商开始销售合成冷却剂作为添加剂，赋予冷却效果，但缺乏特有的薄荷味。关于美国销售的电子烟产品中合成冷却剂的含量和相关健康风险的知识有限。目的和方法用术语“koolada”、“kool/cool”、“ice”或WS-3/WS-23（表示单独的冷却剂）搜索电子烟液供应商站点，并购买相关的再填充电子烟液。最受欢迎的一次性电子烟品牌Puffbar的“冰”味品种与非“冰”味品种进行了比较。对电子烟液进行了表征，并使用GC/MS对合成冷却剂进行了定量。计算了风险评估参数暴露裕度（莫伊），以评估与电子烟使用合成冷却剂暴露相关的风险。结果24/25份电子烟液中检测到WS-3。所有Puffbar风味品种含有WS-23（13/14）或WS-3（5/14），在“冰”和非“冰”风味中。对来自电子烟液体的WS-3的消耗进行建模，导致大多数日常使用场景的MOE低于100的安全界限。结论合成清凉剂（WS-3/WS-23）存在于美国销售的电子烟中，其水平可能导致消费者暴露超过监管机构设定的安全阈值。合成冷却剂不仅存在于薄荷或薄荷味产品中，也存在于水果和糖果味产品中，包括流行的一次性电子烟产品，如Puffbar。影响合成清凉剂广泛用于“酷/酷”和“冰”口味的电子液体以及没有这些标签的电子液体中，两者都是薄荷脑的潜在替代品或为非薄荷脑口味添加清凉“香调”。这些试剂可用于绕过当前和未来对烟草产品中薄荷醇含量的监管限制，而不仅仅是电子烟。由于合成清凉剂是无味的，它们可能不属于“特征性风味”的范畴，从而可能规避基于这一概念的监管措施。监管机构需要考虑与接触合成冷却剂相关的额外健康风险。
Introduction Menthol, through its cooling and pleasant sensory effects, facilitates smoking and tobacco product initiation, resulting in the high popularity of mint/menthol-flavored E-cigarettes. More recently, E-cigarette vendors started marketing synthetic cooling agents as additives that impart a cooling effect but lack a characteristic minty odor. Knowledge about content of synthetic coolants in US-marketed E-cigarette products and associated health risks is limited. Aims and Methods E-liquid vendor sites were searched with the terms "koolada", "kool/cool", "ice", or WS-3/WS-23, denoting individual cooling agents, and relevant refill E-liquids were purchased. "Ice" flavor varieties of Puffbar, the most popular disposable E-cigarette brand, were compared with non-"Ice" varieties. E-liquids were characterized, and synthetic coolants quantified using GC/MS. Margin of exposure (MOE), a risk assessment parameter, was calculated to assess the risk associated with synthetic coolant exposure from E-cigarette use. Results WS-3 was detected in 24/25 refill E-liquids analyzed. All Puffbar flavor varieties contained either WS-23 (13/14) or WS-3 (5/14), in both "Ice"- and non-"Ice" flavors. Modeling consumption of WS-3 from vaped E-liquids, resulted in MOEs below the safe margin of 100 for most daily use scenarios. MOEs for WS-23 were Conclusions Synthetic cooling agents (WS-3/WS-23) were present in US-marketed E-cigarettes, at levels that may result in consumer exposures exceeding safety thresholds set by regulatory agencies. Synthetic coolants are not only found in mint- or menthol-flavored products but also in fruit- and candy-flavored products, including popular disposable E-cigarette products such as Puffbar. Implications Synthetic cooling agents are widely used in "kool/cool"- and "ice"-flavored E-liquids and in E-liquids without these labels, both as a potential replacement for menthol or to add cooling "notes" to nonmenthol flavors. These agents may be used to bypass current and future regulatory limits on menthol content in tobacco products, and not just E-cigarettes. Because synthetic cooling agents are odorless, they may not fall under the category of "characterizing flavor", potentially circumventing regulatory measures based on this concept. Regulators need to consider the additional health risks associated with exposure to synthetic cooling agents.