Effect of memory decay on predictions from changing categories.
Effect of memory decay on predictions from changing categories.
复制标题
记忆衰退对类别变化预测的影响。
DOI：
10.1037//0278-7393.21.4.815
复制
发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Anderson,JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elliott,SW;Anderson,JR
与大多数分类实验中假设的静态类别相反，许多现实世界的类别随着时间的推移在其定义中经历了逐渐和系统的变化。本研究通过四个实验来研究这种类别转换。在这些研究中，参与者成功地调整了类别的变化，但也表现出了过去观察的挥之不去的累积效应。参与者的表现是通过将过去观察的记忆衰减纳入JR安德森（1990，1991）的理性分类算法和RM Nosofsky（1986）的范例分类模型来模拟的。由此产生的模型表明，衰减函数更接近幂律而不是指数，并且衰减按项目和时间发生，项目衰减比时间衰减更强。幂律衰减的发现为样例记忆用于分类的说法提供了额外的支持。
In contrast to the static categories assumed in most categorization experiments, many real-world categories undergo gradual and systematic change in their definitions over time. Four experiments were carried out to study such category change. In these studies, participants successfully adjusted as category change occurred, but also showed a lingering and cumulative effect of past observations. The participants’ performance was closely modeled by incorporating memory decay for past observations into JR Anderson’s (1990,(1991) rational categorization algorithm and into a version of RM Nosofsky’s (1986) exemplar categorization model. The resulting models suggest that the decay function is closer to a power law than to an exponential and that decay occurs both by item and by time, with the item decay being stronger than the time decay. The finding of power law decay gives additional support to claims that exemplar memories are used in categorization.