Genetics of transplantation: the major histocompatibility complex.
Genetics of transplantation: the major histocompatibility complex.
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移植遗传学：主要的组织相容性复合体。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.ge.10.120176.001535
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发表时间：
1976
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
F. Bach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Bach
一个称为MHC主要组织相容性复合体的遗传区域（在控制移植物存活方面起着重要作用）已经在大量不同的物种中被定义。已经描述了MHC的几个不同的基因座，包括编码移植抗原的基因座。这些抗原可分为两类：第一类是最初在血清学上定义的SD抗原，它们似乎是参与移植物排斥反应的杀伤淋巴细胞的靶标;第二类是最初在混合白细胞培养试验中由淋巴细胞应答定义的LD抗原，它们刺激辅助性T淋巴细胞。此外，还有其他抗原的基因（称为免疫应答相关或Ia抗原）和控制动物对抗原刺激免疫应答能力的基因，免疫应答或Ir基因。有证据表明，这些基因之间的上位相互作用，LD和SD抗原的免疫识别导致细胞毒性（杀伤）细胞的发展比单独的抗原刺激更明显。此外，至少在某些系统中，免疫反应的遗传控制似乎存在于两个非常紧密相连的基因中，它们在顺式中的功能可能比在转座中的功能更好。后一个发现表明了一个可能的解释强连锁不平衡之间发现的MHC基因。已经描述了许多新的测试来定义MHC的抗原。这些测试的结果已被用于移植免疫学的研究，但除了研究人类的一些MHC抗原和各种疾病之间存在的非常强的关联。
A genetic region called the major histocompatibility complex of MHC (which plays an important role in the control of graft survival) has been defined in a large number of different species. Several different loci of the MHC have been described, including loci coding for transplantation antigens. These antigens can be divided into two categories: first, the SD antigens that were originally defined serologically and that appear to function as targets for the killer lymphocytes involved in the rejection of a graft and second, the LD antigens that were originally defined by lymphocyte response in the mixed leukocyte culture test and that stimulate helper T lymphocytes. In addition, there are genes for other antigens (referred to as immune response-associated or Ia antigens) and genes that control the ability of an animal to respond immunologically to antigenic stimuli, the immune response or Ir genes. There is evidence for epistatic interaction between these genes in that immune recognition of LD and SD antigens lead to a more pronounced development of cytotoxic (killer) cells than does stimulation by either antigen alone. In addition, the genetic control of immune responsiveness appears, at least in some systems, to reside in two very closely linked genes that may function better in the cis than in the transposition. This latter finding suggests a possible explanation for the strong linkage disequilibrium found between genes of the MHC. A number of new tests have been described to define the antigens of the MHC. Results of these tests have been used for studies of transplantation immunology but in addition to study the very strong associations that exist between some of the MHC antigens in man and various diseases.