An Echo-Word Motif in Dravidian Folk-Tales
An Echo-Word Motif in Dravidian Folk-Tales
复制标题
德拉威民间故事中的回声词母题
DOI：
10.2307/594370
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发表时间：
1938
影响因子：
0.3
通讯作者：
M. B. Emeneau
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. B. Emeneau
在印度古物14(1885)，79-81年，S.M.娜塔莎·萨斯特里·潘迪特出版了一个泰米尔民间故事的英译本，这个故事建立在一个文字游戏的基础上。南印度的语言著作为我提供了这个故事的三种不同德拉维亚语的版本，哥达语、库格语和托达语，现在手头的材料足以展示这些故事中所使用的主题，并分析故事本身。我将这个主题称为“回声词主题”，借用了术语“回声词”，这个词来自于一次对某些名词构成的讨论，该讨论即使不是大多数，也存在于印度的许多语言、印度语-雅利安语、德拉维亚语和蒙达语，这一讨论发表在1928年印度语言学会的通告上。这个术语并不是起源于那里，但它的起源相对来说并不重要，不需要在这个联系中进一步追溯。这样的回音词在主要的印度雅利安方言中是广为人知的，例如在印地语JAL-ul，Hath-uth，在孟加拉语Jal-tal，hat-Tat，在古吉拉特邦Hath-baat，在Marathi dzal-bil，Ghoda-bia。沙特吉教授，ib。3(1928年5月14日)，第7-8页，指出编队的功能是用与他以前在《孟加拉语的起源和发展》(加尔各答大学出版社，1926年)中使用的大致相同的术语来表达“[由基本名词表示的事物]以及与之相似或相关的事物”，第176页。在德拉维甸语中，这样的结构也是众所周知的方言特征，例如泰米尔语Tannir-kinnir，Telugu Gurramu-Girramu，Kannada kudure-gidure。由于它们是白话形式，在文学语言的文献中很少出现，它们在语法中几乎被完全忽略了。对Toda、Kota和Coorg语言的研究使我能够以准确的形式陈述这些单词的构成方法和功能。对于户田章男来说，队形如下。
IN THE Indian Antiquary 14 (1885), 79-81, S. M. Natesa Sastri Pandit published an English translation of a Tamil folk-tale which is built around a word-play. Linguistic work in South Indian has provided me with versions of this tale in three separate Dravidian languages, Kota, Coorg, and Toda, and the material now at hand is sufficient for a presentation of the motif employed in these stories and an analysis of the stories themselves. The motif I shall call the " Echo-word motif," borrowing the term "echo-word" from a discussion of certain noun-formations found in many, if not most, of the languages of India, Indo-Aryan, Dravidian, and Munda, a discussion which was published in the Circulars of the Linguistic Society of India in 1928. The term did not originate there, but its origin is relatively unimportant and need not be traced further in this connexion. Such echo-words are well-known for the major Indo-Aryan vernaculars, e. g. in Hindi jal-ul, hath-uth, in Bengali jal-tal, hat-tat, in Gujarati hath-bath, in Marathi dzal-bil, ghoda-bida. Prof. S. K. Chatterji, ib. 3 (14 May, 1928), pp. 7-8, states that the function of the formations is to express " [the thing denoted by the basic noun] and things similar to or associated with that," in much the same terms that he had used previously in Origin and Development of the Bengali Language (Calcutta University Press, 1926), p. 176. In the Dravidian languages such formations are also well-known as a feature of the vernaculars, e. g. Tamil tannir-kinnir, Telugu gurramu-girramu, Kannada kudure-gidure. Since they are vernacular forms and found rarely, if at all, in the literatures of the literary languages, they have been almost totally neglected in the grammars. Work on the Toda, Kota, and Coorg languages has enabled me to state the method of formation and the functions of these words in an exact form. For Toda the formation is as follows.